Anatomy
Which artery primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart?
1. Circumflex artery
2. Internal mammary artery
3. Left anterior descending artery
4. Right coronary artery3. The left anterior descending artery
A 74-year-old female client with heart failure and 2+ pitting edema is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Due to the effects of furosemide, what supplemental medication would the nurse expect to see ordered for this client?
1. Chloride
2. Digoxin
3. Potassium4. Sodium
3. Potassium
Which complication is of greatest concern when caring for a preoperative client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
1. Hypertension
2. Aneurysm rupture
3. Cardiac arrhythmias
4. Diminished pedal pulses
2. Aneurysm rupture
Medical treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) includes which procedure?
1. Cardiac catheterization
2. Coronary artery bypass surgery
3. Oral medication administration
4. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
3. Oral medication
Which condition most commonly results in coronary artery disease (CAD)?
1. Atherosclerosis
2. Diabetes Mellitus
3. myocardial Infarction (MI)
4. Renal Failure
1. Atherosclerosis
Which complication is indicated by a third heart sound (S3)?
1. Ventricular dilation
2. Systemic hypertension
3. Aortic Valve malfunction
4. Increased atrial contractions
1. An S3 sound occurs when the ventricles are resistant to filling and is heard just after S2 when the atrioventricular valves open
Which drug class protects the ischemic myocardium by decreasing catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation?
1. Beta-adrenergic blockers
2. Calcium channel blockers
3. Opioids
4. Nitrates
1. Beta-adrenergic blockers
A nurse is planning care for a client with heart failure. Which nursing diagnosis should receive priority?
1. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion
2. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements
3. Anxiety
4. Decreased cardiac output
4. Decreased cardiac output
A diagnostic cardiac catheterization reveals prolonged occlusion of the right coronary artery in a 62-year-old male client. In which area of the heart would this have produced an infarction?
1. Anterior
2. Apical
3. Inferior
4. Lateral
3. The right coronary artery
Which disorder is jugular vein distention most prominent?
1. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
2. Heart failure
3. Myocardial infarction (MI)
4. Deep vein thrombosis
2. Heart failure. JVD indicates elevated venous pressure
Which parameter is the major determinant of diastolic blood pressure?
1. Baroreceptors
2. Cardiac output
3. Renal function
4. Vascular resistance
4. Vascular resistance
A nurse is about to administer digoxin to a client with heart failure. Which parameter should the nurse check before administering the medication?
1. Apical pulse
2. Blood pressure
3. Radial pulse
4. Respiratory rate
1. Apical pulse
The telemetry monitor technician notifies the nurse that her client has sinus bradycardia with a heart rate of 42 beats/minute. What should the nurse do first?
1. Immediately review the client's current medical regimen to see if he has been taking beta-adrenergic blockers or calcium channel blockers2. Obtain a 12-lead ECG
3. Notify the client's physician
4. Check the client's level of consciousness (LOC), obtain vital signs, and assess the client for symptoms
4. Gather more data
A nurse is analyzing laboratory results for a client admitted with a possible myocardial infarction (MI). Which result would be used to rule out an MI?
1. Total white blood cell (WBC) count of 15,000
2. Troponin level of less than 0.2 ng/ml
3. Total red blood cell (RBC) count of 4.7 million/mm3
4. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) of 27 pg/cell
2. Troponin
In which disorder would a nurse expect to assess sacral edema in a bedridden client?
1. Diabetes mellitus
2. Pulmonary emboli
3. Renal failure
4. Right-sided heart failure
4. Right-sided heart failure
The hypothalamus responds to a decrease in blood pressure by secreting which substance?
1. Angiotensin
2. Antidiuretic hormone3. Epinephrine
4. Renin
2. Antidiuretic hormone promotes water retention
A client is admitted with sinus bradycardia, nausea, and anorexia, and reports blurred and yellow vision disturbances. Toxicity of which drug is most likely responsible for all of these symptoms?
1. Digoxin (Lanoxin)
2. Atenolol (Tenormin)
3. Benazepril (Lotensin)
4. Diltiazem (Cardizem)
1. Digoxin Toxicity
Which action is the appropriate initial response to a client coughing up pink, frothy sputum?
1. Call for help
2. Call the physician
3. Start an IV line
4. Suction the client
1.Sign of pulmonary edema
Which nonivasive diagnostic test demonstrates the backward flow of blood through incompetent venous valves?
1. Venous duplex Doppler ultrasonography
2. Ascending venography
3. Descending venography
4. Segmental pulse volume recordings
1. Venous duplex Doppler ulstrasonography
Which term is used to describe persistently elevated blood pressure with an unknown cause that accounts for approximately 90% of hypertension cases?
1. Accelerated hypertension
2. Malignant hypertension
3. Primary hypertension
4. Secondary hypertension
3. Primary hypertension
Which hormone is responsible for raising arterial pressure and promoting venous return?
1. Angiotensin I
2. Angiotensin II
3. Epinephrine
4. Renin
2. Angiotensin II, triggered by angiotensin I, is responsible for vasoconstriction
Which drug is most commonly used to treat cardiogenic shock?
1. Dopamine
2. Enalapril (Vasotec)
3. Furosemide (Lasix)
4. Metoprolol (Lopressor)
1. Dopamine improves myocardial contractility and blood flow through the vital organs by increasing perfusion pressure
Which intervention should be the first priority for a client experiencing chest pain while walking?
1. Sitting the client down
2. Getting the client back to bed
3. Obtaining an electrocardiogram (ECG)
4. Administering sublingual nitroglycerin
1. The initial priority is to decrease oxygen consumption
What is the most important instrument used as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for determining the severity of a shock state?
1. Arterial line
2. Indwelling urinary catheter
3. Intra-aortic balloon pump
4. Pulmonary artery (PA) catheter
4. PA catheter is used to give accurate pressure measurements within the heart
Which client is most at risk for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
1. A 62-year-old female recovering from a total hip replacement
2. A 35-year-old female 2 days postpartum
3. A 33-year-old male runner with Achilles tendonitis
4. An ambulatory 70-year-old male who's recovering from pneumonia
1. DVT is more common in immobilized clients