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Pathophysio
Anatomy
Pathophysio
Pharmacology
100

Q1. Igor’s atherosclerotic thrombus has formed and grown via the action of haemostasis. An important step in haemostasis is the formation of prothrombin activator. Which of the following factors is involved in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of prothrombin activator formation?


  1. Factor II

  2. Factor V

  3. Factor VII

  4. Factor XI

Correct answer: b) Factor V


100

Q2. Igor’s lifestyle and medical factors make him at severe risk of myocardial infarction, often involving blockage of a branch of the coronary arteries. Which branch of the right coronary artery provides most of the apex’s blood supply? 


  1. Right marginal branch.

  2. Terminal/left ventricular branch.

  3. SA nodal branch.

  4. Posterior interventricular branch.

Correct answer: d) Posterior interventricular branch.


100

Which of these cell types are found in the atheroma of affected arterial intima and produce collagen in the lipid core?

a.Smooth muscle cells

b.T Lymphocytes

c.Macrophages

d.Endothelial cell

e.Adipocytes

Smooth muscle cells

100

What is the role of inotropic agents?

a.reduce CO 

b.reduce sympathetic drive

c.reduce congestion

d.improve heart contractility

improve heart contractility

200

 Igor needed to have an ECG. Which part of the ECG represents atrial depolarization?  

  1. QRS complex

  2. S-T segment 

  3. P-wave

  4. P-R interval


 

P-wave

200

Which of the following statements about veins is NOT true?

a. The left and right brachiocephalic veins combine to form the superior vena cava

b. The cephalic vein empties into the brachial vein

c. The inferior vena cava is to the right of the abdominal aorta

d. The great saphenous vein empties into the femoral vein

e. The external jugular vein is formed by the junction of the posterior auricular veins and posterior divisions of the retromandibular veins

The cephalic vein empties into the brachial vein

200

gor had been lying in bed for a long time. On standing up quickly, he feels lightheaded for a few seconds. This can be termed as orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following is the body’s response to this?


A. Increased peripheral vascular resistance

B. Increased baroreceptors firing

C. Vasodilation of arterioles

D. Decreased heart contractility 



 Increased peripheral vascular resistance

200

Q10. A patient is presented with a moderate chronic heart failure. Further investigation showed the presence of tachycardia, fluid retention in the lungs and moderate hyperkalemia. Taking into account this information, what is the most suitable treatment option.


  1. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers + Ivabradine

  2. MRA + ACE Inhibitors

  3. α, β-antagonist + Digoxin

  4. Frusemide

α, β-antagonist + Digoxin

300

Thinking about the phases of systole and diastole, which factors will increase the stroke volume?

  1. Increased heart rate

  2. Negative inotropy

  3. Increased Aortic Pressure

  4. Increased filling of left ventricle during diastole



Increased filling of left ventricle during diastole

300

The intraventricular septum attaches ___________ through the moderator band:

a.Posterior papillary muscle

b.Septal papillary muscle

c. Anterior papillary muscle

d. Conus arteriosus

 Anterior papillary muscle

300

Q6. A different patient presents to the hospital with low total cholesterol levels. Which of the following functions will not necessarily be affected?

  1. Production of inflammatory cells

  2. Production of steroid hormones

  3. Fluidity of cell membranes

  4. Production of bile acids

Production of inflammatory cells

300

Which one of the following are NOT side effects of angiotensin II (AT1) receptor antagonists?

a.Hypotension

b.Hyperkalaemia

c.Dry Coughing

d.Acute Renal Failure

e.Foetal defects

Dry Coughing