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Anatomy & Physiology Review
Anatomy & Physiology Review II
Anatomy & Physiology Review III
Health History
Assessment
100
The heart is encapsulated by a protective sac called the ___________
What is pericardium
100
The ________ ________ supply nutrients and oxygen to the muscle tissue of the heart
What is coronary arteries
100
__________ is the force exerted against arterial walls during ventricular contraction.
What is systolic pressure.
100
There are three goals when obtaining a health history from a client;
What is (1) identify present and potential health problems, (2) identify possible familial and lifestyle risk factors, and (3) involve the client in planning long-term health care.
100
When a client has difficulty breathing while lying down and must sit upright or stand to relieve the dyspnea it is called
What is orthopnea
200
The _______________ is made of ___________ cells that line the inside of the heart, the four heart valves, capillaries, and veins making the circulatory system a closed system.
What is endocardium, endothelium
200
The specialized cardiac muscle cells are capable of conducting __________ ________ from one part of the heart to another.
What is electrical impulses
200
The __ _____ sound, or the "lubb," is the sound of the ______ & _________ ______ closing simultaneously and is heard on the left fifth intercostal space
What is S1; mitral & tricuspid valves
200
Additional contributing factors for women include
What is menopause, use of birth control pills, high triglyceride level
200
Usually occurs 2 to 5 hours after an individual falls asleep. The person suddenly awakens, is sweating, and has difficulty breathing.
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
300
Contraction of the ____ _________ pumps blood into the _____ and out to the entire body (systemic circulatory system)
What is Left ventricle; aorta
300
The conduction system which controls the heartbeat consists of (5 )
What is 1. sinoatrial node (SA node), 2. atrioventricular node (AV), 3. bundle of His, 4. bundle branches, 5. Purkinje fibers
300
"dubb" is the simultaneous closing of the ___________ & ________ ______.
What is pulmonic & aortic valves
300
Alterable risk factors are,
What is physical inactivity, smoking, contraceptive method, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity, triglyceride level
300
A client may describe a "fluttering" sensation in the chest. This is known as
What is palpitations
400
Blood enters the heart through _____ and leaves the heart through ________
What is veins; arteries
400
When an impulse has completely gone through the conduction system of the heart and the ventricles have contracted, a _______ _____ is completed.
What is cardiac cycle
400
The arteries are thick-walled tubes consisting of three layers called
What is tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia or tunica externa
400
Typical concerns expressed by a client with a cardiac disorder are (7)
What is 1. chest pain, 2. dyspnea, 3. edema, 4. fainting, 5. palpitations, 6. diaphoreses, 7. fatigue
400
If a client has distended internal and external jugular veins when the head of the bed is gradually elevated to a 45-degree angle or higher, there may be?
What is right-sided heart failure
500
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction or systole is known a the
What is stroke volume (SV)
500
This is determined by the amount of stretch or tension derived from the ventricular filling and the pressure exerted by fluid volume on the myocardium at the end of diastole or just before contraction.
What is preload
500
The arteries divide and branch into smaller vessels called
What is arterioles
500
When a client talks about having chest pain what trick can you use to assess their pain and what is described using this trick.
What is PQRST. P=provoker of the pain, Q=quality of the pain (gnawing, pounding, burning, stabbing, pinching, aching, throbbing, and crushing). R=region (location) and radiation to other body sites, S=Severity (0-10), T=timing (onset, duration and frequency)
500
A _________ __________ ______ is present in some cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
What is positive Homans' sign