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Values
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Maximal O2 Uptake
Research/Studies
100
5 L/min
What is resting cardiac output? (Q)
100
pulmonary and circulatory circulation
What is convective O2 transfer?
100
increased cardiac output during exercise needed to supply the muscles with more oxygen causes this.
What is an increase in systolic blood pressure?
100
the maximum rate this can be taken into the body, delivered and used to perform work.
What is maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)?
100
this study describes oxygen utilization during exercise and cardiac outstripping.
What is the 1-leg knee extension vs. 2-leg exercise study?
200
70 mL
What is normal stroke volume? (SV)
200
shifting down and to the right of the oxyhemoglobin curve because of 3 physiological changes in the body during exercise. (name the changes)
What is the Bohr effect? - increase temperature - decrease pH (due to increased H and CO2) - increase in 2,3DPG
200
the increase in pressure and resistance that the heart has to overcome in order to eject blood.
What is increased afterload?
200
limitations to oxygen uptake that can limit VO2
What are O2 supply (blood flow), O2 extraction, muscle diffusion, and mitochondrial utilization?
200
this study removed the pericardium in dogs to show this.
What is an increase in SV, Q and VO2max? (Hammond et al., 1992)
300
20.93%
What is the concentration of oxygen in room air?
300
dissolved and bound to hemoglobin
What is O2 transport in the blood?
300
vasoconstriction (due to what factors?) and vasodilation (due to what factors?) during exercise is needed because...
What is the battle of blood flow distribution so that O2 demand does not outstrip cardiac output? - SNS activity increase, ATP, NPY, NE - decreased SNS (sympatholysis), ACh, decrease in PO2, increase in PCO2, H, K, NO
300
increasing the number of capillaries and myoglobin concentration can help with this.
What is O2 extraction?
300
this study gave a drug to increase stroke volume by first increasing this.
What is contractility?
400
a) 103 mmHg b) 98 mmHg c) 100 mmHg
What is a) alveolar PO2 b)arterial PO2 at the lungs c) estimated PO2 at the lungs for the purposes of easy math
400
gas exchange and buffering
What is purpose for ventilation?
400
increases in ventricular wall thickness and larger internal cavity due to training is often called this.
What is cardiac hypertrophy?
400
this describes the relationship of oxygen delivery and utilization.
What is the Fick Equation?
400
these patients were found to have a ventilatory threshold without a lactate threshold.
What are McArdle's patients?
500
a) 60 mL/kg/min b) 70 mL/kg/min c) 12 mL/kg/min
What is a) average VO2 of a trained female b) average VO2 of a trained male c) VO2 needed for daily living
500
during exercise an increase in H and CO2, increase in neural activity from muscle and joint receptors and an increase in the perception of intensity causes this
What is ventilatory threshold
500
an increased heart rate and a greater resistance coupled with possible fatigue might cause this during maximal exercise.
What is stroke volume plateau?
500
these factors influence VO2max
What is gender, exercise modality (whole body?), genetics, age, environment, and training?
500
increasing bicarbonate will cause this.
What is increased buffering capacity?