Super
Share 3 of the eight life roles
1. Child
2. Student
3. Leisureite
4. Citizen
5. Worker
6. Parent
7. Spouse
8. Homemaker
Realistic
active and aggressive
ex. mechanical or technical
What is O*Net
a comprehensive database of occupational information and employee requirements that can be searched online
1998
Came from DOT
Social Cognitive Theory
based on self-efficacy and personal agency.
Banduras
Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad theory
-developmental
Occupational choice is divided into three periods
1) Fantasy: up to 11: careers in light of interests
2) Tentative: 11-17: career in light of values and capabilities
3) Realistic: 17 to adulthood: makes a choice
Under Realistic: Exploration, Crystallization, Specification
What is the archway model?
delineates the changing diversity of life roles personal experiences over their lifespan and illustrates how biographical, psychological, and socioeconomic elements that influence career
Investigative
Personality is intellectual, prefers creative, poor social skills
ex. sciences and computer
SDS
Self-directed search
John Holland
assessment that matches person's interest and personality to career type
Holland Code (3 letters)
Circumscription and compromise theory
Vocational choices are narrowed (circumscribed) and inappropriate choices are disregarded (compromise) as the person develops and learns about career choices.
Linda Gottfredson
Actuarial/ trait-based approach
Frank Parsons
assumes that people are rational and capable of making intelligent vocational decisions when they are aware of which careers are best suited to their interests
Life Career Rainbow is...
graphic by Super
Each colored band represents a life role
Numbers represent age
Dots within the bands represent the amount of time each person typically spends in each role.
Used to help a person find a balance of work and life for themself
Artistic
Personalities are imaginative and expressive
ex. arts and creative
Career guidance vs. Career Counseling
Guidance: develop skills for making decisions and gain information
Counseling: world within the context of a person's values to help him acquire self-understanding regarding career.
Sociological model of career development
also known as situational model
Person decides a career based on sociological reasons
For example, must have knowledge of career which is impacted by SES and culture
CIP career development theory
Sampson, reardon,peterson,lenz
Career Problems:
1) communication- identify career needs
2) analysis- components of the problem
3)synthesis- define possible actions
4)valuing- prioritize options based on the likelihood of success
5) execution- implant solution
Supers vocational developmental stages are
Growth: birth to 14/15
Exploratory: 15 to 24
Establishment: 25 to 44
Maintenance: 45 to 64
Decline: 65 to death
Social
US! Counseling and teaching
interaction with others
5 types of assessment and testing tools
Aptitude, achievement, interest, personality, values
Anna Roe's theory of career development
parenting style determines if a child goes into a people-centered field or not.
Careers are chosen to meet needs
Expressed interest vs. Manifested interest vs. Tested interest
Expressed: the person openly says they have it
Manifested: revealed by what the person does
Tested: determined through testing
Crystallization: 14-18 plans possible occupational goal
Specification: 18-21 chooses a vocation
Implementation: 21 to 24 completes training and enters the workforce
Stabilization: 24 to 35 works career
Consolidation: 35 plus- establishes career
Stages can repeat according to super
Enterprising and Conventional
Enterprising: Business and politics
Little use of abstract thinking
Conventional: office work and accounting
dislike for ambiguity
Learning Theory of Career Counseling
John Krumboltz
Four factors to career decision making:
1) genetic endowment and special abilities: limit persons choices
2) Environment conditional and events: education, activities, economic, resources
3) Instrumental and associative learning: reactions and reinforcement from others
4) Task approach skills: problem solving ability and thinking patterns and emotions
Believed that beliefs could be changed through career counseling
Roe's two-dimensional occupational classification (8)
Service
business contact
Organizational/managerial
technology (non person)
outdoor (non person)
science (non person)
general culture
arts/entertainment
Outplaced Counseling
counseling for employees whose jobs are ending