Merovingians
The first Frankish king to convert to Christianity and the founder of the Merovingian Dynasty
Who was Clovis?
This was the father of Pepin III
It means "Charles the Great" in Latin
What is Karolus Magnus?
This was the only member of the Heptarchy not conquered by Offa of Mercia
What was Northumbria?
These were the four groups that primarily made up the region of Scandinavia during the 8th and 9th centuries
Who were the Norse, Danes, Swedes, and Finns?
The position established by the Merovingian kings to help administrate the kingdom which slowly took power away from the king
What is the Mayor of the Palace?
This was the name of Pepin III's brother who retired to a monastery, giving Pepin the sole mayorship over the Frankish kingdom
Who was Carloman?
According to Einhard, Charlemagne enjoyed listening to this specific book read to him during feasts
What is Augustine's City of God?
The period of time in which Mercia became the most powerful kingdom in Anglo-Saxon England
What was the Mercian Supremacy?
The primary method of nautical transportation for the vikings
What is a longship?
The Battle in 732 A.D. at which Charles Martel defeated an Umayyad army and stopped Islamic expansion into Western Europe
What is the Battle of Tours?
This was the person to whom Pepin III sent a letter in order to gain permission to become king of the Franks
Who was Pope Zachary?
This was the title in Latin given to Charlemagne by Pope Leo III
What is Imperator Romanorum?
These were the seven kingdoms who made up the "Heptarchy" during the Anglo-Saxon period
What were Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Kent, Wessex, Sussex, and Essex?
This was the year of the Norman Conquest, as well as the year in which the Viking Age is considered to have ended
What is 1066?
The final Merovingian king, overthrown by Pepin III
Who was Childeric III?
This was the name for the event in which Pepin III returned the land conquered by the Lombards to the papacy and established the Papal States
What was the Donation of Pepin?
This was the Saxon leader with whom Charlemagne was frequently in conflict during his reign
Who was Widukind?
These were the three groups who migrated from mainland Europe to England during the time of the Fall of Rome
Who were the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes?
These were the most commonly chosen targets for Viking raids due to their valuable items and lack of protection
What are churches and monasteries?
The four sub-kingdoms established within the Kingdom of the Franks that frequently fought with one another
What are Neustria, Austrasia, Aquitaine, and Burgundy?
This is the Lombard king with whom Pepin goes to war in defense of the papacy
Who is Aistulf?
This is the biblical king Charlemagne saw himself as being a reflection of in his efforts to religiously reform the Kingdom of the Franks
Who was King Josiah?
His assassination led to the rise in power of King Offa of Mercia
Who was King Aethelbald?
This was the name of the island attacked by Vikings in the first recorded Viking raid in English history in 793
What is Lindisfarne?