Attribution Theory and Person Perception
The difference between dispositional and situational attributions.
What is, dispositional attributions assign behavior to internal factors, while situational attributions assign behavior to external factors?
Normative Social Influence
What is changing behavior to fit in with the group.?
Define psychodynamic theory.
What is the theory that emphasizes unconscious drives and conflicts in shaping personality?
Drive Reduction
What is the theory that suggests motivation arises from the need to reduce drives, such as hunger or thirst?
The bystander effect.
What is the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when other people are present?
The concept of the fundamental attribution error.
What is the tendency to overemphasize dispositional factors for others' behaviors while underemphasizing situational ones?
The elaboration likelihood model.
What is the model that describes how people are persuaded through central (logical) and peripheral (emotional) routes.?
Ego defense mechanisms.
What are strategies used by the ego to protect itself from anxiety, including denial, displacement, and projection.?
This law states that there is an optimal level of arousal for performance, with too much or too little arousal leading to poorer performance.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson law regarding optimum arousal?
This is the tendency for individuals to put in less effort when working in a group than when working alone.
What is social loafing?
The actor-observer bias
What is the bias that occurs when individuals attribute their own actions to situational factors but attribute others' actions to dispositional factors.?
The difference between central and peripheral routes to persuasion.
What is either direct focused persuasion, or indirect alternative routes of persuasion.
Unconditional Positive Regard in humanistic psychology.
What is the acceptance and support of a person regardless of what they say or do?
The facial feedback theory
What is the hypothesis that posits that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences?
This is the phenomenon where people develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.
What is the mere exposure effect?
The self-serving bias
What is the tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.?
The foot-in-the-door phenomenon
What is a persuasion strategy that involves getting a person to agree to a small request and then presenting a larger request?
OCEAN
What are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism?
intrinsic motivation differs in this way from extrinsic motivation
What is intrinsic motivation is driven by internal rewards, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards?
Desire for harmony in a group leads to irrational decision-making.
What is groupthink?
The way that explanatory style relates to optimism and pessimism.
What is, optimism refers to a positive explanatory style that attributes failures to external, unstable, and specific factors, while pessimism attributes failures to internal, stable, and global factors.?
The door-in-the-face phenomenon
The connection between factor analysis and trait theory of personality.
This is the statistical method is used to identify clusters of related variables (traits) in personality assessments.?
essentially, positive emotions broaden your perspective, which then helps you build personal strengths and capabilitie
What is the broaden and build theory of emotions?
These are shared goals that necessitate cooperation, which can help reduce intergroup conflict.
What are superordinate goals and how do they reduce conflict?