bony thorax
How do ribs attach to sternum
Costal cartilage
What type of joint forms the articulation between the head and body of the vertebrae and the tubercle and transverse process
Synovial plane
What innervation does the diaphragm receive and by what nerve
Somatic by the phrenic nerve
What are the accessory muscles of inspiration
Pec major
Pec minor
Serratus anterior
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
What is the name of the end of the rib opposite the vertebral end?
Costal end
What/where is the costal margin
Lower edge of rib cage formed by the cartilages of the 7th-10th ribs attaching to the sternum
Why is the xiphoid process not always visible
Xiphisternum is Cartilgous in the young, with age it ossifies and may fuse to the body but not present in many specimens
What structures pass through the diaphragm and at what level
Inferior vena cava t8
Oesophagus t10
Aorta t12
Where do intercostal nerves arise
Thoracic region of spinal cord, they are the ventral rami of the first 11 thoracic spinal nerves
Where does internal Thoriac artery arise from
Subclavian artery
How and where the ribs attach to the vertebrae
Head of rib attaches to vertebral body, tubercle of rib attached to transverse process of vertebra
1)what do costal facets articulate with
2)what do superior articular facets articulate with
1) with the ribs
2) with the inferior articular facet of the vertebra above
What vertebral level does the diaphragm usually lie at during expiration
T5
What structures are supplied by the intercostal nerves and what type of innervation does they provide
Intercostal muscles, parietal pleura and overlying skin. Somatic
What is the fibrous pericardium?
This pericardial layer is fused to the central tendon and lies above both diaphragmatic domes, near the costophrenic recesses
List the boundaries of thoracic inlet
First thoracic vertebra, medial border first rib and their costal cartilages, superior border of manubrium
On the first rib what structures run in the the two grooves
Subclavian artery and vein
Where does the diaphragm insert
Central tendon
Where do the posterior and anterior intercostal arteries arise
Posterior: thoracic aorta
Anterior: internal thoracic (mammary) and musculophrenic arteries
Where does internal thoracic vein drain into
Brachiocephalic vein
Why is the thoracic inlet often referred to as the thoracic outlet
Bc the imp vessels and nerves which supply the head and neck exit the thorax through this opening
Surface landmark for central tendon of diaphragm and inferior border of heart
Origin of the diaphragm consists of three parts; sternal, costal, and vertebral. Where does each arise
Costal - lower 6 ribs and their costal margins
Vertebral - right crus (from bodies L1-3), left crus (from L1-2), medial and lateral arcuate ligaments
What system of veins do the intercostal veins drain into
Azygous system
Name two branches that arise from this artery
Superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries