OM & Motor Function
who was the GMFM originally designed for? (What population)
What is Children with Cerebral Palsy
why is atlantoaxial instability common seen in people with Down syndrome?
they have loose joints and low muscle tone which leads to instability at the atlantoaxial joint
The most typical muscle tone presentation seen in children with Down syndrome.
What is hypotonia?
What is the ventricular component of the telencephalon?
What is the lateral ventricle?
I am the branch like data collector of the cell.
Dendrite
According to the Campbell textbook, what would be a reason to use orthopedic before independent walking for children with Down syndrome?
severely altered biomechanics (standing and cruising with poor alignment due to excessive pronation)
what type of atrioventricular septal defect has both valves intact and a hole in the wall of the atrial or ventricular wall?
partial or incomplete AVSD
This gross motor milestone is typically achieved later in children with Down syndrome due to hypotonia and ligamentous laxity, often occurring between 18–36 months.
What is independent walking?
What does the mesoderm turn into?
What is the granular material in the entire cell body?
Nissl Substance
walking through a busy shopping mall while carrying a coffee and avoiding people is an example of what type of environmental context and action function?
environmental context: in motion/with variability
Action function: body transport/with manipulation
Because of hypotonia and joint laxity, children with Down syndrome often demonstrate delayed development of this foundational motor skill needed for functional mobility.
What is postural stability?
This common motor strategy is frequently used by infants with Down syndrome to compensate for decreased strength and postural control during transitions.
What is wide base of support or use of compensatory movement patterns?
Where do flexures appear?
midbrain, pontine, and cervical
What is the optimal resting membrane potential?
-70 mV
According to the Campbell textbook, what would be a reason to use orthopedic before independent walking for children with Down syndrome?
severely altered biomechanics (standing and cruising with poor alignment due to excessive pronation)
This body system must be carefully screened during a PT examination due to the high prevalence of atlantoaxial instability in children with Down syndrome.
What is the musculoskeletal system?
A child with Down syndrome demonstrates delayed equilibrium reactions in sitting and standing. This delay most directly affects this functional skill.
What is independent mobility?
What are the 4 steps of the Embryogenesis procesS?
1. tubulation
2. encephalization
3. differentiation
4. induction
Astrocytes roles: (3)
deactivate neurotransmitters
provide neurons with nutrition
clear debris
what are the 5 dimensions of the gross motor function measure (GMFM)?
lying and rolling, sitting, crawling and kneeling, standing, and walking, running, and jumping
During a systems review, this clinical finding would require immediate modification or cessation of PT intervention in a child with Down syndrome.
What is signs or symptoms of atlantoaxial instability?
Children with Down syndrome often demonstrate a significant delay in this prone-based milestone due to hypotonia, decreased shoulder girdle stability, and reduced antigravity strength, which later impacts transitions and mobility.
What is independent crawling or quadruped mobility?
Where is the ependymal layer located?
Lines the central canal
Where are Ependymal cells found?
lining ventricles of brain in central canal