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Anatomy and Brain organisation
Swallowing and Speech
Memory and Cerebrovascular Accidents
Metabolism of CNS
Stroke Management
100
Bundles of white matter fibres that tie the temporal lobes together.
What is the anterior commissure
100
Oral, Pharyngeal and Oesophageal.
What are the three phases of swallowing?
100
Ischaemic Stroke (80%)
What is the most common type of stroke?
100
Response of CNS to tissue injury that occurs as a result of many acute conditions such as trauma, ischaemia and stroke.
What is gliosis?
100
MI, subdural and epidural bleeds, meningitis
What other pathologies could be differentials for stroke?
200
Supplies Broca's area, Wernicke's area, Heschl's gyrus and angular gyrus.
Where does the left middle cerebral artery supply?
200
Build up of mucus and saliva in the throat and airways in terminally ill patients
What is the 'death rattle' ?
200
Neurons that fire together wire together.
What is long term potentiation?
200
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore expression and cleaved caspase processing.
What can excess calcium in the cytosol cause?
200
Distinguishing ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes.
What is non-contrast CT used for?
300
Face, tongue, hands, genitalia.
What parts of the body does the somatosensory cortex devote a relatively large proportion to?
300
One is the loss of ability to produce spoken or written language, whereas the other is the inability to move muscles of the tongue and mouth to produce speech.
What is the difference between Aphasia and Dysarthria?
300
A Xanthochronia or no difference in RBC count from CSF tubes 1 - 4
How does one identify SAH in a lumbar puncture?
300
1. Increased cerebral blood flow 2. Increased glycolysis and anaerobic ATP production
What are the compensatory mechanisms activated in the brain during hypoxia?
300
Coma Neck stiffness Seizures accompanying the neurologic deficit Diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg Vomiting
What are some indications that increase likelihood of haemorrhagic stroke?
400
Medial motoneuron pool.
Which portion of spinal cord grey segments control mostly muscles of the trunk (axial muscles)?
400
Damage to the medial temporal lobe and underlying white matter.
Receptive dysphasia will occur predominantly when there is damage to which part of the brain?
400
Involves lesions in dorsal nuclei of thalamus and mammillary bodies, anterograde and retrograde amnesia, thiamine deficiency.
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
400
Maintaining blood pressure using diuretics, statins, ACE-I and ATII-R blockers. Also cessation of smoking and progressive exercise to improve fitness.
Long-term management of haemorrhagic stroke involves?
500
Lacunar capsular infarct.
What can result from an occluded lenticulostriate artery? (or: what condition could damage the internal capsule)
500
Closure of true vocal folds (mediated by lateral cricoarytenoids and oblique and transverse arytenoids)
What is the primary laryngopharyngeal protective mechanism to prevent aspiration whilst swallowing?
500
<3 hours of stroke incidence.
What is the therapeutic window for recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA)?
500
They have higher energy demand, conduct action potentials, produce glutamate
Why are neurons more susceptible to brain ischaemia than supporting glial cells ?
500
Symptoms not suggestive of subarachnoid haemhorrhage, no evidence of acute trauma or bleeding, systolic blood pressure under 185mmHg, diastolic blood pressure under 110mmHg, CT does not show evidence of multilobar infarction, intracerebral haemorrhage or oedema.
What are some inclusion criteria to be considered when administering recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)