The Four Defects
a structural defect that allows blood to mix between the right and left ventricles. sends a varying amount of deoxy blood to systemic circulation = cyanosis
What is VSD?
bluish/purplish discolouration of the skin d/t the lack of oxygenated blood in the systemic circulation.
What is Cyanosis
increases systemic vascular resistance, pushing more blood toward the lungs. improves pulmonary blood flow and reduces dyspnea and cyanosis.
What is Knee-Chest Position
What prenatal finding led to the suspicion of a congenital heart defect in Jane Doe?
Heart murmur detected during the 20-week ultrasound?
What is the diagnostic imaging finding typically seen on chest X-ray in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot?
What is the "boot-shaped heart"?
misalignment over the VSD and receives a portion of the right ventricular output.
What is Overriding Aorta?
described as a "whoosh" or "swish" sound on auscultation, caused by turbulent flow across the pulmonary valve
What is a harsh systolic murmur
ordered to calm the infant; helps alleviate tachycardia and hyperpnea.
what is morphine
What is the significance of Jane’s tachypnea during feeding and crying episodes?
Indicator of respiratory distress, which may be due to reduced oxygenation from Tetralogy of Fallot?
Which test confirmed the diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot in Jane?
Echocardiogram?
develops as a result of chronic pressure overload as a result of the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
What is RVH (right ventricular hypertrophy)
occurs when there is an acute change in the pulmonary vs. systemic circulation ratio. may result in severe cyanosis and desaturation.
What are "Tet Spells" or Hypercyanotic Ep.
improves right ventricular filling and pulmonary blood flow. crucial in managing Tet spells
What is IV Fluids
What clinical symptom is Jane experiencing that suggests possible cyanosis?
Bluish appearance around her lips and fingers during crying or feeding?
What does the presence of a harsh systolic murmur (grade 4/6) indicate in Jane’s assessment?
Presence of pulmonary stenosis, a key component of Tetralogy of Fallot?
occurs when there is restriction and reduced blood flow to the pulmonary artery (to the lungs) from the right ventricle.
What is Pulmonary Stenosis/RVOTO
difficulty oxygenating and maintaining caloric intake during feeding
What is Feeding Fatigue/Poor Weight Gain
operation done to provide more blood flow to the lungs. often done in babies to allow their bodies to grow big enough for a full-repair
what is a shunt operation
What maternal history factor could potentially be relevant to Jane's heart condition?
Mild hypertension during the third trimester of pregnancy, which could affect fetal development?
What abnormal lab result in Jane’s CBC suggests a compensatory response to chronic hypoxia?
Elevated hemoglobin level of 145g/L?