Marbury v. Madison
This individual was denied his commission as a justice of the peace by President Jefferson’s administration, leading to the case.
Who is William Marbury?
This state attempted to tax the Second Bank of the United States, leading to a case about the scope of federal power.
What is Maryland?
This individual was convicted for distributing anti-draft pamphlets during World War I, leading to the case.
Who is Charles Schenck?
This case challenged the constitutionality of racial segregation in public schools, overturning a previous ruling.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This state’s redistricting plan was challenged in the Baker v. Carr case for being outdated and unfairly drawn.
What is Tennessee?
The Supreme Court's ruling in this case established the principle of judicial review, which allows the Court to do this to laws passed by Congress.
What is declare laws unconstitutional?
The Court ruled that Congress could create a national bank under this clause of the Constitution, which allows the government to take actions necessary to fulfill its constitutional duties.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
The Court created this test in this case to determine when speech could be limited due to its potential harm to national security.
What is the "clear and present danger" test?
The Court's decision declared that racial segregation in public schools violated this clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
The Court ruled that issues related to districting were not political questions, thus allowing federal courts to intervene under this constitutional principle.
What is the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
The Court ruled that this part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, which authorized writs of mandamus, was unconstitutional.
What is Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789?
The ruling in this case established that federal laws have this status in relation to state laws.
What is supremacy?
The Court upheld Schenck's conviction under this federal law, which made it a crime to interfere with military recruitment during wartime.
What is the Espionage Act of 1917?
This 1896 case, which had upheld the doctrine of "separate but equal," was overturned by the Brown decision.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
The ruling in this case led to the one person, one vote principle, ensuring that districts have this characteristic.
What is equal population?
Chief Justice John Marshall delivered the opinion of the Court in this landmark case, which solidified the role of the judiciary.
Who is John Marshall?
The Supreme Court stated in this case that "the power to tax is the power to destroy," preventing Maryland from doing this to the national bank.
What is taxing?
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes famously wrote in the opinion that free speech would not protect a man from doing this in a crowded theater.
What is falsely shouting fire?
The Court in this case concluded that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," leading to a mandate for desegregation.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This decision marked a significant shift, allowing federal courts to review redistricting cases that involve this issue.
What is representation inequality?
In this case, the Court ruled that the judiciary has the authority to review laws passed by the other branches of government and declare them void if they violate the Constitution.
What is judicial review?
The ruling in this case set an important precedent for the interpretation of this clause, strengthening federal authority over states.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
The Court ruled that Schenck’s actions posed a clear and present danger to this, leading to the limitation of his First Amendment rights.
What is national security?
This group was represented by Thurgood Marshall in the Brown case, which became a pivotal victory for civil rights.
What is the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)?
The Court's decision in this case opened the door for challenges to redistricting plans based on violations of this constitutional principle.
What is equal protection?