Shaw v Reno (1993)
This case involved a challenge to racial gerrymandering in North Carolina, where districts were drawn to create a majority-minority district.
What is Shaw v. Reno (1993)?
This case involved the constitutionality of a federal law that banned guns in school zones, arguing it exceeded Congress’s power under this clause.
What is the Commerce Clause?
This case incorporated the Second Amendment’s right to bear arms to the states, ruling that Chicago’s handgun ban violated the Constitution.
What is McDonald v. Chicago (2010)?
This landmark case ruled that political spending by corporations, unions, and associations is protected by the First Amendment as a form of free speech.
What is Citizens United v. FEC (2010)?
The Court ruled that districts drawn solely on the basis of race could be challenged under this clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
The Court ruled in this case that Congress did not have the authority to pass the Gun-Free School Zones Act under the Commerce Clause, marking a limitation on federal power.
What is United States v. Lopez (1995)?
The Court ruled in this case that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment protects the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms at the state level.
What is the Fourteenth Amendment?
The decision in this case allowed unlimited independent political spending by these entities, fundamentally changing campaign finance laws.
What are corporations and unions?
The Court’s decision in this case clarified that race cannot be the predominant factor in the creation of voting districts, even under the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
What is Shaw v. Reno (1993)?
This is the name of the student who brought the case challenging the federal law prohibiting gun possession near schools.
Who is Alfonso Lopez?
This decision expanded the Second Amendment right beyond federal law, making it applicable to state and local governments.
What is McDonald v. Chicago (2010)?
The Court’s ruling in this case overturned parts of this 2002 law, which had sought to limit the influence of money in politics.
What is the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)?
This controversial district, which stretched over an unusual shape, was the focus of the Shaw v. Reno case.
What is the North Carolina district?
The ruling in this case was significant because it marked the first time in over 50 years that the Court had limited the scope of Congress’s powers under the Commerce Clause.
What is United States v. Lopez (1995)?
The Court’s decision in this case was a significant step in applying the Bill of Rights to the states through this legal doctrine.
What is incorporation?
The ruling in this case was a significant victory for free speech advocates who argued that limits on corporate spending infringed on their rights.
What is Citizens United v. FEC (2010)?
The Court’s ruling emphasized that districts cannot be created based solely on race unless there is a compelling state interest, such as ensuring minority representation.
What is Shaw v. Reno (1993)?
The case revolved around whether gun possession in a school zone could be considered an economic activity that affects interstate commerce, which the Court ultimately rejected.
What is United States v. Lopez (1995)?
The case arose in this city, where an individual challenged the local handgun ban, arguing it violated the Second Amendment.
What is Chicago?
The Court's decision allowed these types of entities to spend unlimited money on political advertisements as long as the spending was independent of candidate campaigns.
What is independent expenditure?