Fire
The functional unit of the nervous system that can receive stimulus information, send electrical impulses long distances, and release chemical signals to a target cell.
Neuron
A supporting cell of the nervous system that monitors neuron health, nourishes neurons and removes waste.
Glial
sensory
motor
(interneuron)
What is the name for the map of distribution of neuron dendrites in the dermis of the integumentary system responsible for sensing touch?
Dermatome
What chemical arrives at the neuron cell body to start an impulse?
Acetylcholine
The chemical is released across the synaptic cleft after depolarization is called what?
Acetylcholine (Neurotransmitter)
What structures insulate regular intervals of long neurons to make them transmit electrical signals faster?
Myelin Sheaths
Where does the stimulus for a knee jerk reflex enter the nervous system?
It enters in a stretch sensor within the quadriceps or thigh muscle.
Homonculus
Neurons need a lot of ATP. Why?
They have to pump a lot of particles up-gradient to keep them ready to freely flow during impulses.
This structure of the neuron is responsible for transmitting an action potential downstream of a signal.
(Electrical channels on) the axon
What cells are responsible for producing myelin sheaths
Schwann Cells
What structure functions like a central processing hub transmitting impulses from the body part which senses the environment to the body part that can react?
The spinal cord
What is one area of the body that has a lot of brain space devoted to processing its sensory input?
What is one area of the body that has a relatively small brain space devoted to processing its sensory input?
A lot: Eyes, mouth hands,
Relatively small: forehead, back of the head, upper arms, back, shoulders, legs
Which chemical moves into neurons during action potentials?
Sodium Na
When a neuron is in "resting state"(AKA polarized) the charge inside the cell is mostly...
negative
The muscle cells decrease in population.
A bundle of axons traveling from a population of neuron cell bodies in one tissue to another population of cell bodies in another tissue is called?
BONUS: Give an example of one such bundle.
A nerve.
BONUS: Optic Nerve, Spinal Nerves, Auditory Nerves
What is the NAME of the nervous system tissue in the eyes and WHERE is it located?
Retina located along the back surface of the eye.
What chemical moves out of neurons during impulses?
Potassium K
This structure of the neuron is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons.
Dendrites (Acetylcholine Receptor)
How does anesthesia provide a numbing effect?
Anesthesia introduces a chemical that is almost like acetylcholine which can attach to Ach Receptors and block real Ach from signaling neurons to fire impulses
Explain how we "see stars" when we stand up too quickly or get hit in the head - without any bright lights actually being present.
The neurons designed to tell us there is light are damaged or injured into firing impulses. The part of the brain only understands impulses from those specific neurons as "there's light".
What does the lens of the eye do?
What can be done if your lenses don't do the job?
The lens bends light rays to help them arrive to the retina focused sharply instead of arriving there scattered.
Glasses or contacts can bend the light before it goes into your eye. A prosthetic lens can be placed into your eye.
What chemical moves into the axon terminal to release vesicles of neurotransmitter from the neuron across the synapse to the target cell?
Calcium Ca