Foundations of Behavior Analysis
This term describes a group of behaviors that produce the same outcome, even if they look different.
What is response class?
A behavior decreases in frequency because the consequence involves removing a desired stimulus.
What is negative punishment?
Verbal behavior differs from language in that it is defined by this characteristic rather than by grammar or syntax.
What is its function?
A therapist demonstrates deep-breathing, and the client immediately performs the same motion.
What is imitation?
A sequence of responses where each response serves as an SD for the next and a conditioned reinforcer for the previous.
What is a behavior chain?
When one antecedent reliably signals reinforcement for a specific behavior, this kind of control exists.
What is stimulus control?
This type of reinforcement maintains behavior by producing sensory stimulation or relief, independent of social mediation.
What is automatic reinforcement?
A patient says, “I need my inhaler.” The behavior is reinforced by receiving it.
What is a mand?
After learning to copy several modeled actions, a client begins imitating new actions without direct reinforcement.
What is generalized imitation?
The process of breaking a complex skill into teachable steps.
What is a task analysis?
Stimuli that share physical properties or functional effects and evoke the same behavior.
What is stimulus class?
This phenomenon occurs when extinction is applied inconsistently, leading to temporary resistance to behavior reduction.
What is intermittent extinction or partial reinforcement effect?
These events alter the value of a reinforcer and evoke behaviors that have produced that reinforcer before.
What are motivating operations (MOs)?
During observational learning, this process determines whether a person retains and can later reproduce a modeled action.
What is rentention?
In this chaining method, the last step is taught first so the learner contacts terminal reinforcement early.
What is backward chaining?
When a stimulus change follows a response and increases future responding, this behavioral principle is demonstrated.
What is reinforcement?
When a behavior decreases not because reinforcement is withheld, but because alternative behaviors are differentially reinforced, this procedure is being implemented
What is differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)?
A nurse asks, “How are you feeling?” and the patient replies, “Better.” The response is controlled by the question rather than the patient’s physical state.
What is an intraverbal?
During staff training, a therapist demonstrates proper glove removal, then asks trainees to reproduce it while receiving immediate feedback. This teaching method combines these two key components of behavioral skills training.
What are modeling and rehearsal?
A training package that integrates instructions, modeling, practice, and feedback to promote mastery and generalization of chained behaviors.
What is behavioral skills training?
In an applied setting, this process ensures that a behavior occurs more frequently in one context than another because of differing reinforcement contingencies.
What is discrimination training?
In clinical settings, extinction is most effective when these two components are carefully identified and controlled.
What are the reinforcing consequence maintaining the behavior and the establishing operation (EO) that evokes it?
In Functional Communication Training (FCT), a client is taught to ask for a break instead of engaging in escape-maintained aggression. The replacement request serves this verbal function.
What is a mand?
A client imitates a modeled skill but fails to use it independently in new settings. The missing step in the learning process involves transferring control from the model to natural cues, known as this.
What is stimulus control transfer?
A client struggles to transition from one task step to another without verbal prompts. The absence of natural cues between steps indicates a lack of this behavioral process.
What is response-produced stimulus control?