Health Psychology Basics
What is the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), and what are its three stages?
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
What is a primary goal of positive psychology?
To identify factors that lead to well-being and resilience.
What manual is used to classify mental disorders in the U.S.?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
What is the goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
To modify maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.
What is the primary goal of evidence-based treatment?
To ensure interventions are supported by research.
Define eustress and provide an example.
Positive stress that motivates; e.g., studying for an exam.
Name two benefits of expressing gratitude regularly.
Increased subjective well-being and happiness.
What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive: excess behaviors (e.g., hallucinations); Negative: deficit behaviors (e.g., flat affect).
What are two techniques used in psychodynamic therapy?
Free association, dream interpretation.
Name a method used in humanistic therapy.
Active listening or unconditional positive regard.
Explain the tend-and-befriend response.
A stress response involving seeking social connections, often observed in women.
What is posttraumatic growth?
Positive changes following trauma or stress.
Describe one characteristic of bipolar disorder.
Alternating periods of mania and depression.
What is the cognitive triad in cognitive therapy?
Negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future.
Define transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
A non-invasive procedure using magnetic fields to stimulate brain regions.
What is the difference between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping?
Problem-focused aims to solve the issue; emotion-focused manages emotional responses.
List three of the six categories of character strengths in positive psychology.
Wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, transcendence.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
A framework considering biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in disorders.
What therapy uses exposure techniques like systematic desensitization?
Applied behavior analysis.
What are the three clusters of personality disorders?
Cluster A (odd/eccentric), Cluster B (dramatic/emotional), Cluster C (anxious/fearful).
What role do adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) play in stress?
They can cause lifelong stress susceptibility.
How does exercising signature strengths impact happiness?
It increases happiness and subjective well-being.
Name two culture-bound anxiety disorders.
Ataque de nervios, Taijin kyofusho.
Name two side effects of antipsychotic medications.
Tardive dyskinesia, weight gain.
What is the diathesis-stress model?
A model suggesting disorders arise from genetic vulnerability combined with stress.