Skin/wounds/health literacy/pt education
Avoidance of harmful substances (e.g., allergens, carcinogens, and toxins) is an example of this type of prevention
Primary prevention
This type of hearing loss is caused by an obstruction in the ear canal
Conductive
Name 3 activities of daily living
1. Bathing
2. Dressing
3. Eating
4. Using the toilet
5. Ambulating
What is T1DM?
Insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed by genetic and immunologic factors
Describe the difference between delirium and dementia
Delirium: an acute, fluctuating state of confusion
Dementia: a chronic, progressive cognitive decline
This scale is used to screen a client's risk for pressure injuries
Braden Scale
This vision problem is characterized by distorted images, is commonly caused by aging or trauma, and requires surgical interventions
Cataracts
What is the proper way to walk with a cane?
Hold the cane in the hand opposite your injured leg, step forward with your cane and the injured leg at the same time
What is T2DM?
Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion
Name 2 physical findings that are associated with Parkinson's Disease
1. Slow, shuffling gait
2. "Mask-like" face
3. Soft or slurred speech
4. Urinary incontinence or difficulty urinating
An 8 on the Braden scale indicates what level of risk (mild, moderate, or severe)
Severe
Which disease is characterized by a gradual loss of central vision?
What is a common side effect of opioid analgesics
Respiratory depression, constipation
Name 2 possible causes of hypoglycemia
1. Too much insulin
2. Too few carbohydrates
3. Increased physical activity
Name 3 symptoms associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
1. Fatigue
2. Weakness
3. Paresthesia
4. Difficulty in coordination
5. Visual disturbances
6. Pain
Describe a stage 4 pressure injury
Full-thickness skin loss with exposed or palpable fascia, muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage, or bone
May have slough or eschar
Rolled edges, undermining, or tunneling may be present
Describe the difference between angle-closure glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma
ACG: displacement of the iris presses against the cornea and closes the chamber angle, suddenly preventing outflow of aqueous humor
OAG: develops slowly, with gradual loss of visual fields that may go unnoticed because central vision at first is unaffected
Name 2 possible interventions for osteoporosis
1. Nutrition therapy
2. Lifestyle changes
3. Drug therapy
An A1C above what level is indicative of diabetes?
>6.5%
An imbalance of which neurotransmitters is seen in Parkinson's disease?
Not enough Dopamine and too much Acetylcholine
Name the 6 risk factors in the Braden scale
1. Sensory perception
2. Moisture
3. Activity
4. Mobility
5. Nutrition
6. Friction & shear
Name 3 ways to promote independence in a patient with vision impairment
1. Raised letters or large font
2. Keep furniture as is
3. Install bathroom grab bars
4. Pillbox set up
5. Smartphone voice commands
Describe the difference between RA & OA
RA: autoimmune, inflammatory, bilateral/symmetric
OA: Usually associated with aging or trauma, degenerative with possible inflammation, may be unilateral, affects mainly the weight bearing joints
A patient with T1DM is visibly shaking, sweating, and reporting fatigue, what should you do?
Give them 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate
What 2 drugs are used to treat multiple sclerosis and what do they do?
Interferons: decrease severity of symptoms and development of lesions
Glatiramer (Copaxone): may "curb the body's attack" on myelin and reduce brain lesions