Institutional Violence/Stranger Crimes
Institutional settings can create unique dynamics (e.g., culture/codes around silence, power imbalances) that increase the risk of this type of victimization?
What is sexual victimization?
According to FBI data, this category reflects the largest type of bias/hate-motivated crime.
What is race/ethnicity?
The most common type of terrorism in both Europe and North America
What is ideologically motivated terrorism?
This international body in 1948 confirmed that genocide is a crime under international law
What is the United Nations?
A type of victimization experienced by family, friends, or the community after a violent attack.
What is secondary victimization?
This type of crime is profit-driven exploitation, facilitated through the use of force, fraud, or coercion
What is human trafficking?
In terms of religion, this group faces the largest proportion of hate/bias-related crime in the U.S?
What is the Jewish Community (i.e., antisemitism)?
Terrorist violence against defenseless victims is also known as this term
What is a "soft target"?
Massacres are not considered genocide unless they are intended to do what?
What is eradicate or eliminate a group?
This type of prevention approach is intended for before violence occurs
What is primary prevention?
This type of crime involves both larceny AND the use or threat of violence/physical harm
What is robbery?
This type of bias/hate crime significantly increases when assessed by the NCVS compared to FBI data.
What is gender bias/hate?
A term used to describe individuals or a small number of like-minded individuals who commit terrorist acts
What is a "lone-wolf"?
This type of regime can be a risk factor for genocide.
What are totalitarian regimes?
This type of experimental design involves random assignment to a control and treatment group.
What are randomized control trails (RCT)?
In this type of gender-specific crime the perpetrator is more likely to use a knife and target other women
What is female-perpetrated robbery?
This act broadened federal hate crime protections to include crimes motivated by gender, sexual orientation, or disability
What is the Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA)?
This is the most common type of violent terrorist group in the United States?
What is far-right extremist groups?
This type of genocide involves an on-going struggle between groups for political or social power.
What is retributive genocide?
This type of policing strategy or intervention framework is commonly associated with the SARA model (scanning, analysis, response, assessment)?
What is proactive policing?
The access and/or availability of this, is a major contributor to gang violence
What are firearms?
98% of hate crimes are classified by the NCVS according to this criteria.
What is derogatory language?
This type of terrorist attack accounts for less than 2% of all attacks but nearly half of all fatalities
What are suicide bombings?
This type of offense is controversial because intent to destroy not just displace is necessary for it to be considered genocide
What is ethnic cleansing?
A violence reduction program (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy) administered to violent offenders in prison is an example of this type of prevention
What is tertiary prevention?