CCKWW Fundamentals
The initial capacity of Phase 1 when it was commissioned in 1975, measured in MGD.
What is 40 MGD?
The type of filtration medium used in CCKWW's original Phase 1 facility, completed in 1975.
What is Sand?
The reconstruction project specifically targets enhancing the plant's operations, maintenance, safety and this final key area
What is Security?
The specific chemical pre-treatment applied to clarified water just upstream of the CeraMac® membranes to reduce fouling
What is Continuous Ozone Application (Pre-Ozonation)?
The specific year the first major upgrade replaced sand filters with polymeric membranes
What is 2008?
This specific raw water reservoir was integrated during the capacity doubling achieved by Phase 2 in 1981.
What is Tengeh Reservoir?
The name of the specific type of advanced water treatment technology that aims to destroy persistent organic pollutants.
What is Advanced Oxidation Process?
This water reservoir is mentioned as the location where Binnie & Partners had a technical officer based since 1975, while also assisting with CCKWW.
What is Kranji Reservoir?
The total count of CeraMac® vessels utilized in the full-scale operation of the ceramic membrane facility.
What are 12 vessels?
The specific year the ceramic membrane demonstration plant was first built at CCKWW.
What is 2011?
This major educational institution in the western part of Singapore relies on CCKWW for its supply of treated drinking water.
What is Nanyang Technological University (NTU)?
To ensure the treated water is "biologically stable," the final process removes this type of carbon, preventing microbial regrowth
What is Residual organic carbon?
The reconstruction is scheduled to commence in this quarter of 2024
What happened in the third quarter of 2024?
The specified stable operating flux rate achieved by the ceramic membranes, measured in Liters per square meter per Hour (LMH)
What is 360 LMH?
The two original reservoirs that supplied raw water to CCKWW's Phase 1 when it was commissioned in 1975.
What are Kranji and Pandan?
This milestone year marks the age of the infrastructure components the current reconstruction project is specifically targeting for replacement
What is 1981?
This specific type of modern water treatment equipment is being introduced during the reconstruction to replace older pre-1981 equipment.
What are High-rate clarifiers?
The $144 million reconstruction contract includes MEICA works, civil works, and a final step involving testing, commissioning, and this subsequent proving period.
What is plant proving?
The exact number of ceramic membranes contained within a single CeraMac® vessel at the plant
What is 90 membranes?
The capacity of the ceramic membrane treatment facility, in MGD, which is the largest in the world
What is 40 MGD?
This specific material made up the original, large-scale filters used from 1975 until the 2008 membrane upgrades.
What is Sand (Conventional Sand Filters)?
Before membrane installation, the initial optimization studies at CCKWW focused on these three conventional processes: coagulation, flocculation, and this third process
What is Sedimentation?
The name of the international group that owns Leighton Asia, the contractor for the reconstruction project.
What is CIMIC Group?
The proprietary design used by PWNT for the CeraMac® vessels is described as this specific structural unit in a single vessel.
What is Proprietary block design?
The original completion year for the reconstructed plant, as stated in some earlier reports, before the current 2028 schedule.
What is 2026?