Tribal Wars
Urban Cowboy
Urban Air R&R
Boom and Bust of Tech
Past is Past
100
This BEST explains how westward expansion changed life for Plains tribes
A. They gained land
B. They moved east voluntarily
C. They were forced onto reservations
D. Conflict ended
C; They were forced onto reservations
100
Era is associated with cattle drives
A. Revolution & Republic
B. Mexican National
C. Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads
D. Contemporary Texas
C; CCR
100
Railroads helped Texas grow by transporting ____ to markets faster.
A. Cotton and cattle
B. Buffalo and horses
C. Timber and pirates
D. Oil and rice
A; Cotton and Cattle
100
Which invention pumped groundwater in dry areas?
A. Cotton gin
B. Windmill
C. Barbed wire
D. Steel plow
B; Windmill
100
Which term describes rebuilding the South after the Civil War?
A. Secession
B. Annexation
C. Reconstruction
D. Urbanization
C; Reconstruction
200
This was the result of Buffalo herds disappearing in the 1870s.
A. Tribes moved to cities
B. Tribes faced starvation
C. Tribes gained more land
D. Tribes became factory workers
B; they faced starvation
200
constant challenge cowboys faced
A. Pirates
B. Factory accidents
C. Stampedes
D. Snowstorms in East Texas
C; stampedes
200
How did railroads MOST affect settlement patterns?
A. Towns declined
B. Cities grew along rail lines
C. People stopped moving
D. Settlement moved away from railroads
B; Cities grew along rail lines
200
Which invention MOST contributed to the decline of open-range ranching?
A. Cotton gin
B. Barbed wire
C. Oil drilling
D. Irrigation canals
200
Which event BEST shows cause-and-effect leading to Texas independence?
A. Mexican leaders limited colonists’ rights → Texans resisted
B. Railroads expanded → cattle drives ended
C. Oil discovered → Texans joined Union
D. Cotton gin invented → Great Depression began
A
300
Explain how the disappearance of buffalo and U.S. military pressure worked together to change Plains tribes’ way of life.
Buffalo hunters/ railraods/ Loss of buffalo caused starvation and dependence; military pressure forced tribes onto reservations, ending nomadic life.
300
Ranchers began driving cattle North because...
Beef supply was low in the North, so higher demand meant higher prices.
300
Based on railroad growth after 1870, what inference can be made about Texas’s economy?
Economic growth accelerated as railroads expanded rapidly.
300
Put these in order: surplus crops, open range declines, barbed wire spreads, steel plow
Steel plow, surplus of crops, barbed wire spreads, open range decline
300
Why do historians divide Texas history into eras?
To organize major changes and identify defining characteristics of different time periods.
400
⭐ DAILY DOUBLE
From the perspective of the U.S. government, why were Buffalo Soldiers sent to the frontier?
To protect settlers and railroads, enforce federal policy, and maintain control during westward expansion.
400
explain the difference between open range for ranchers and the effects of barbed wire
Open range meant cattle brands and use of public land, while barbed wire led to Range Wars; windmills, railroads, and the end of cattle drives and open range
400
Texas Railroad Commission was created by James Hogg because...
To regulate railroads and prevent unfair rates and monopolies.
400
How did new farming technologies change Texas from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture?
Increased production created surplus crops to sell for profit.
400
Compare Reconstruction and the Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads era
Reconstruction is all about rebuilding and overcoming the southern resistence to change; CCR era is about expansion of railroads, innovation and native conflict
500
Explain the difference between how Quanah Parker and Santanta handled the loss of the Frontier Wars
Quanah Parker adapted to the reservation life
Satanta committed suicide while in prison, dreaming of the nomadic way of life
500
⭐ DAILY DOUBLE
How did railroads eventually contribute to the end of long cattle drives?
Railroads allowed cattle to be transported directly from Texas, reducing the need for long trail drives to Kansas.
500
How did railroads contribute to the destruction of buffalo herds on the Great Plains?
Railroads allowed hunters to reach buffalo more easily and ship hides to eastern markets quickly. This increased large-scale hunting, which led to the rapid decline of buffalo herds.
500
Provide a definition of each innovation
Cotton Gin
Steel Plow
Windmill
Barbed Wire
Cotton Gin- Separates cotton fibers from seeds faster
Steel Plow- Breaks tough prairie soil so more land can be farmed
Windmill- Pumps groundwater for people, crops, and livestock in dry areas
Barbed Wire- Fences land to control grazing and protect private property
500
How did Stephen F. Austin’s leadership during the Mexican National era differ from James Hogg’s leadership in the late 1800s?
Austin focused on colonization and settlement under Mexican rule, encouraging migration and growth. Hogg focused on regulating industries during economic expansion, showing how Texas shifted from settlement-building to industrial oversight.