Research & Methods
What is the main difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal research?
What is the time frame of data collection (single point vs. over time)?
What is pruning in brain development?
What is the elimination of unused neural connections to strengthen others?
Name the four parenting styles.
What are authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful?
What is the purpose of the Apgar scale?
What is to assess a newborn’s health at birth?
What are the three stages of Kohlberg’s moral development?
What are preconventional, conventional, and postconventional?
Why is replication important in scientific research?
What is to confirm the reliability and validity of results?
What’s the difference between experience-expectant and experience-dependent brain growth?
What is one depends on universal experiences, the other on individual experiences?
What type of play involves children playing side by side without interacting?
What is parallel play?
Name one teratogen and its possible effect.
What is alcohol, which can cause fetal alcohol syndrome?
How does culture influence moral reason
What is it shapes what behaviors are considered right or wrong?
Define hypothesis and give an example.
What is a testable prediction, such as 'Children who receive more praise will show greater motivation'?
At what age does object permanence typically develop?
What is around 8 to 12 months?
How do peer relationships influence social development in adolescence?
What is they shape identity, behavior, and self-esteem?
What is a protective factor against adolescent substance use?
What is parental monitoring or strong peer support?
Describe the concept of the 'imaginary audience
What is the belief that everyone is watching and judging you?
How can bias impact the interpretation of developmental research?
What is it can distort data and lead to incorrect conclusions?
Define seriation and classification in Piaget’s theory.
What is the ability to order items and group them by shared traits?
What is Erikson’s identity vs. role confusion stage?
What is the adolescent task of developing a stable sense of self?
Define resilience and explain one factor that supports it.
What is the ability to adapt well to adversity, supported by a stable caregiver?
What is the difference between primary and secondary prevention?
What is preventing a problem before it starts vs. early intervention?
What is an advantage and a limitation of using longitudinal studies?
What is tracking development over time but being time-consuming and costly?
Compare hypothetical-deductive reasoning with concrete operational thought.
What is abstract reasoning vs. tangible, logical thinking?
Define foreclosure and moratorium in the context of identity development.
What is commitment without exploration vs. active exploration without commitment?
What is parasuicide and why is it concerning in adolescence?
What is a failed or non-lethal suicide attempt, signaling distress and risk?
Explain how societal views on gender identity can affect adolescent development.
What is they influence self-concept, mental health, and acceptance?