Intro to Phonetics
Describing Consonants
Describing Vowels
A & P Speech Mech.
Transcription Basics
100
What is the field that includes the study of speech sounds, including physiological, perceptual, and acoustic properties.
Phonetics
100
What are the 3 features used to describe consonants?
1. Place
2. Manner
3. Voice
100
What is this chart called?
Vowel Quadrilateral
100
What is #5?
Lips
100
What is the phonetic alphabet used to transcribe speech sounds into print?
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
200
Describe the main use for the International Phonetic Alphabet.
To write speech into a print form that is not specific to a language.
200
What is it called when the place of articulation occurs with both lips?
Bilabial
200
What is the feature of a vowel called where it references the lip movement of rounded or unrounded?
Rounding
200
What is #10?
Trachea
200
What is the smallest unit of speech sound (a singular sound) that has the ability to alter linguistic meaning?
Phoneme
300
What is one factor that makes transcription challenging?
1. Single words vs connected speech.
2. Formal vs Casual speech.
3. Dialectal and linguistic variations.
300
What is it called if the place of articulation occurs in the glottis (the space of the vocal folds)?
Glottal
300
What is the feature of a vowel called where it references the vertical length from the base of the oral cavity to the palate?
Tongue Height
300
What is #12?
Vocal Folds
300
What are the components of a syllable?
Onset & Rhyme (Nucelus and Coda)
400
What is a variation in speech production based on geographical area, native language background, and social or racial-ethnic group membership?
Dialect
400
What is it called when a sound is produced with a burst of air?
Stop/Plosive
400
What is the feature of vowel called where it references if the tongue is tense or lax?
Tenseness
400
What are the three systems that are used for speech?
Respiratory System
Laryngeal System
Supralaryngeal System
400
Describe a reasoning spelling differs from sound (pronunciation).
1. Not enough letters in the roman alphabet to represent all english sounds.
2. Letters can represent more than one sound.
3. Sounds can be represented by various graphemes.
4. Other languages influence with borrowed words.
500
How is phonology different from phonetics?
Phonology is the systematic organization of speech sounds, as it relates to the production of language. Phonetics just focuses on the production of speech sounds. (think of filing cabinet vs files).
500
What is it called when a sound is produced by narrowing the vocal tract (almost completely) but allowing continuous airflow to pass (creating "friction")?
Fricative
500
What is the feature of vowel called where it references the amount of horizontal movement of the tongue towards the teeth?
Tongue Advancement
500
Describe the production of speech starting with the respiratory system.
Air is brought into the lungs via a preparatory breath, then exhaled as the lungs go back to their original position, forcing the air up the trachea into the laryngeal system. As it passes the vocal folds, for voiced sounds, the vocal folds are adducted, building up sub-glottal pressure, causing them to burst open (creating vibration). The air forced into the supralaryngeal system collides with the air that is already there, making acoustic vibrations, which are altered and modified by resonant spaces and articulators- creating a speech sound.
500
What is the main reason allophonic variations exist for some phonemes?
Phonetic context- influenced from other sounds within a word.