CDF 1
Which describes the relationship between lords and their vassals in European feudalism?
A. Feudal lords provided their vassals with titles in exchange for rent.
B. Feudal lords provided their vassals with pay in exchange for military service.
C. Feudal lords provided their vassals with protection in exchange for services.
D. Feudal lords provided their vassals with land in exchange for monetary rent payments.
C. Feudal lords provided their vassals with protection in exchange for services.
Which term describes the economic system described below:
- Man should not labor for himself but for society.
- No social classes
- Total public ownership
- No personal profit workers
_____________________________
A. capitalism
B. imperialism
C. communism
D. colonialism
C. Communism
Why is the Justinian Code considered a milestone?
A. It preserved many ancient Chinese legal decrees in writing.
B. It served as a model for European legal systems.
C. It became the first democratic constitution.
D. It united Muslim and Roman thought.
B. It served as a model for European legal systems.
In the Middle Ages both sides of human consciousness—that which was turned within as that
which was turned without—lay dreaming or half awake beneath a common veil. The veil was
woven of faith, illusion, and childish prepossession, through which the world and history were
seen clad in strange hues. . . . In Italy this veil first melted into air; an objective treatment and
consideration of the State and of all the things of this world became possible.
—Jacob Burckhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
Source: Public Domain/Project Gutenburg
Based on the information in the excerpt, what aspect of the Renaissance encouraged the development of the Scientific Revolution?
A. Politicians during the Renaissance encouraged new ideas about government because they strengthened political power.
B. People during the Renaissance wanted to discover truths about how the world worked instead of relying on religious beliefs.
C. Religious leaders during the Renaissance encouraged scientific discoveries about nature because they strengthened church authority.
D. Scholars during the Renaissance hoped to open public schools in which students learned secularism instead of relying on religious teachings.
B. People during the Renaissance wanted to discover truths about how the world worked instead of relying on religious beliefs.
What were some of the new scientific knowledge and understandings that developed
during the Scientific Revolution based on?
A. observation and experimentation
B. geometric formulas and astrology
C. superstition and ancient practices
D. church law and faith
A. observation and experimentation
2. What common religious belief is shared by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
A. an acceptance of ancestor respect through family tradition
B. a reliance on missionaries to convert others to the faith
C. an acceptance of prophets in a monotheistic tradition
D. a reliance on images to decorate religious buildings
C. an acceptance of prophets in a monotheistic tradition
Who should actually be at the top of this pyramid because they had the most political power under the feudal system in Japan?
Shogun
Study the following list and answer the question below.
Elements of Olmec Culture
- early writing system
- calendar with zero
- ballgame with rubber balls
- primitive compass
Based on the information, which conclusion about the Olmec culture can be reached?
A. The Olmec were the only Meso-American civilization to grow crops.
B. The Olmec civilization was very different from other Meso-American civilizations.
C. The Olmec were the only Meso-American people to refuse to share their culture.
D. The Olmec laid much of the foundation for Meso-American cultures that followed.
D. The Olmec laid much of the foundation for Meso-American cultures that followed.
Read the following description and answer the question below.
MAJOR DECREES OF THE COUNCIL OF TRENT
● The Pope shall determine holy texts. The books of the Bible included in the Old and
New Testaments was defined.
● Infants are born with original sin which may only be forgiven through baptism.
● Communion will be given only to those that are in a state of grace.
● Church officials shall not marry and shall remain celibate.
● Women may not be forced to join a convent, but must do so voluntarily.
Source: Public Domain/Hanover University
Which statement best explains why the Catholic Church convened the Council of Trent?
A. The Church wanted to clarify Catholic doctrine in response to the Protestant Reformation.
B. The Church wanted to modernize Catholic doctrine in response to the Catholic Reformation.
C. The Church used the Council to address differences with the Holy Roman Empire to regain followers.
D. The Church used the Council to repair the rift with the Eastern Orthodox Church to increase revenue.
A. The Church wanted to clarify Catholic doctrine in response to the Protestant Reformation.
Which statement best describes the post-World War II global economy?
A. North American and European economies experienced weakened demand for energy and dramatic decreases in pollution levels.
B. North American and European markets in manufactured goods suffered from strong competition from former colonies.
C. The nations of the southern hemisphere were no longer a source of raw materials and cheap labor for industrialized nations.
D. The nations of the northern hemisphere continued to control most of the world's wealth due to advanced industrialization.
D. The nations of the northern hemisphere continued to control most of the world's wealth due to advanced industrialization.
3. Which factor was a primary cause of the new imperialism of the 19th and 20th centuries?
A. the need for African slaves to labor on plantations in the Americas
B. the desire for new colonies to provide an outlet for the growing European population
C. the desire of Christian missionaries to assist and convert populations in Latin America
D. the need for natural resources and new markets that resulted from European industrialization
D. the need for natural resources and new markets that resulted from European industrialization
How did the use of the printing press encourage greater literacy during the Renaissance?
A. Books were printed with fewer errors than handwritten books.
B. Books were printed in Latin instead of the common language.
C. Books were printed in much greater numbers at a much lower cost.
D. Books were printed without the direct involvement of the Catholic Church.
C. Books were printed in much greater numbers at a much lower cost.
The contributions of the West African civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
demonstrate which of the following?
A. The Industrial Revolution began in Africa and spread to Europe.
B. Complex societies developed in Africa centuries before European colonization.
C. All gold and salt is produced in West Africa.
D. The African continent was unified as a constitutional monarchy long before Mansa Musa.
B. Complex societies developed in Africa centuries before European colonization.
Why did many European nations develop colonies in tropical areas during the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries?
A. They wanted to establish worldwide naval bases.
B. They wanted to develop penal colonies for European convicts.
C. They wanted to make large profits in the sugar and coffee trade.
D. They wanted coaling stations for their transatlantic merchant steamships.
C. They wanted to make large profits in the sugar and coffee trade.
The quote below is from a speech delivered by President Harry S. Truman on March 12,
1947.
It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
How did this change international politics for the United States?
A. It showed the United States; dedication to the international space race.
B. It suggested that the United States would be closing the door on the Cold War.
C. It announced to the world that the United States would be entering the arms race.
D. It alerted the world that the United States would undertake an interventionist policy.
D. It alerted the world that the United States would undertake an interventionist policy.
Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
During the late 1920s and early 1930s, the global economic depression was affecting most democratic governments around the world. In the United States, Canada, and Europe, trade was slowing down, industrial production was declining, and unemployment was rising.
What was one effect of these worldwide conditions on Germany?
A. The increased likelihood that political leaders would reduce tariffs.
B. The increased likelihood that extremist political leaders would rise to power.
C. The increased possibility for women in western countries to gain the right to vote.
D. The increased possibility for western countries to print money to pay off war debts.
B. The increased likelihood that extremist political leaders would rise to power.
How did the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century CE affect the economy of Western Europe?
A. It led to the decline of trade and the rise of local production.
B. It led to the decline of cities and the rise of manors.
C. It led to the decline of indentured labor and the rise of free labor.
D. It led to the decline of the rural economy and the rise of large cities.
B. It led to the decline of cities and the rise of manors.
Which feature of religious worship did the Aztecs and Incas share?
A. Both cultures worshiped one god.
B. Both cultures allowed female priests.
C. Both cultures based religious beliefs from books.
D. Both cultures used human sacrifices to please the gods.
D. Both cultures used human sacrifices to please the gods.
There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of the purgatory immediately the money clinks in the bottom of the chest.
It is certainly possible that when the money clinks in the bottom of the chest avarice [extreme greed] and greed increase; but when the church offers intercession [intervention], all depends in the will of God."
—Martin Luther, 95 Theses
Which answer provides accurate historical context for the following quotations?
A. Protestantism maintained that governments should be run by qualified religious leaders, however, Rome should play no role.
B. Protestantism preached the idea of predestination, arguing that those who gain salvation had been determined by God long ago.
C. Protestantism rejected papal authority, especially relating to what was regarded as the corrupt selling of indulgences.
D. Protestantism denied the Roman Catholic concept of purgatory, rejecting any role for church officials in a persons fate after death
C. Protestantism rejected papal authority, especially relating to what was regarded as the corrupt selling of indulgences.
Read the following information and answer the question below:
In 1994, ethnic tensions between the majority Hutu tribe and the minority Tutsi tribe in Rwanda exploded into violence. This violence resulted in the deaths of an estimated 800,000 ethnic Tutsi Rwandans. Four years after the genocide, in a speech to the Rwandan Parliament, United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan said the following:
"The world must deeply repent this failure. Rwanda's tragedy was the world's tragedy. All of us who cared about Rwanda, all of us who witnessed its suffering, fervently wish that we could have prevented the genocide. Looking back now, we see the signs which then were not recognized."
According to his statement, which conclusion is Kofi Annan making about the genocide?
A. The genocide in Rwanda was an internal affair of a sovereign nation.
B. The genocide in Rwanda was an unavoidable tragedy of a developing country.
C. The international community must share pride for attempting to stop the Rwandan genocide.
D. The international community must accept responsibility for failing to stop the Rwanda genocide.
D. The international community must accept responsibility for failing to stop the Rwanda genocide.
Which statement explains why Vietnam become a major “hotspot” creating Cold War tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States?
A. The United States joined the conflict by sending 100,000 troops to battle Russian troops already in Vietnam.
B. The Soviet Union tried to place nuclear missiles in North Vietnam over the objections of the United States.
C. France was locked in a struggle with Russia to maintain its colonies in Asia after World War II ended.
D. Communist powers supported one faction in Vietnam and capitalist powers supported the other faction.
D. Communist powers supported one faction in Vietnam and capitalist powers supported the other faction.
During the early Middle Ages in Western and Central Europe, which combination of cultural
practices formed the foundations of Western civilization?
A) Latin language, Catholic Christianity, and feudal social structures from Germanic peoples.
B) Orthodox Christianity, Byzantine governance, and classical Greek philosophy.
C) Jewish legal traditions, Germanic tribal councils, and Byzantine administration.
D) Islamic scholarship, Germanic warfare customs, and Roman military organization.
A) Latin language, Catholic Christianity, and feudal social structures from Germanic peoples.
Which statement best describes how classical (Greco‑Roman) traditions influenced
Renaissance art in Italy?
A. Renaissance painters primarily adopted the decorative mosaic techniques used in ancient Roman public buildings.
B. Renaissance painters relied on oil‑painting methods developed by ancient Greek artists as their principal new technique.
C. Renaissance artists mainly borrowed the religious iconography of ancient Rome and used it unchanged in Christian paintings.
D. Renaissance artists revived classical ideals of naturalism and proportion, studying ancient sculpture and anatomy to depict the human body more realistically.
D. Renaissance artists revived classical ideals of naturalism and proportion, studying ancient sculpture and anatomy to depict the human body more realistically.
Which development was a direct economic consequence of the trans‑Atlantic slave trade for
societies in the Americas?
A. Increased reliance on enslaved labor to expand plantation production of cash crops
B. Fewer long‑distance trade networks connecting the Americas to Europe
C. Rapid industrialization of Caribbean islands using locally owned factories
D. A decrease in the importance of Atlantic ports for colonial commerce
A. Increased reliance on enslaved labor to expand plantation production of cash crops
Why did President Ronald Reagan support the Contras in overthrowing the democratically
elected Sandinista government in Nicaragua during the 1980s?
A. He worried that political unrest in Nicaragua would spread to the United States.
B. He feared the Sandinistas would establish a communist state in Latin America.
C. He believed that the Soviets would place nuclear weapons in Nicaragua.
D. He wanted to return the former president of Nicaragua to power to protect U.S. political interests.
B. He feared the Sandinistas would establish a communist state in Latin America.