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Speech, Language and Communication
5 Components of Language
Theories of Language Acquisition
Studying Language
Neurological Bases of Speech and Language
100
verbal; the usage of the speech mechanism
What is Speech
100
Smallest unit of sound
What is Phoneme
100
Stems from psycholinguistic theories- emphasize language form, content and underlying mental processes. Began with looking at syntax. Believes that Language is common to almost all humans, must have a biological base. Language is a “universal human trait”. Rules were assumed to be present at birth.
What is Rationalist/ Nativist
100
Not every child is going to have 2 parents that teach & work at MIT (very prestigious). Some children would be in daycare rather than be at home with a nanny. Some children don’t have the same style house with the same toys and are as fortunate as this young boy.
What is the significance and limitations of Dr. Roy’s language development study. (TED Talk Guy)
100
Largest portion of your brain. For language, the hemispheres are asymmetrical. most sensory and motor functions in the cerebrum are contralateral with the exception of vision and hearing.
What is Cerebrum
200
A complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used for various modes for thought and communication
What is a Language
200
Smallest grammatical unit that holds meaning
What is Morphemes
200
Language is seen as learned verbal behavior acquired through modeling. (Imitation, practice, reinforcement). It emphasizes the behavioral context of language.
What is Behavioral Theory
200
Confirm general linguistic principles Discover language developmental principles Clarify the relationship of language to development in other areas Provide a theoretical description of language development.
What is 4 goals in language development research.
200
A white matter tract underlying the angular gyrus that sends a message from within the Wernicke’s area to the Broca’s area
What is arcuate fasciculus
300
An act in which one person gives or receives information from another person about that one person’s needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge or affective states and includes speech as well as other forms of expression such as body gestures, eye gaze, pictures symbols and printed works.
What is Communication
300
Rules governing the structure and sequencing of speech sounds and syllable structure
What is Phonology
300
Pre existing info + environmental input= language development. Language structure
What is Interactionist
300
Large enough to allow for indiv. Differences and enable group conclusions to be drawn. Should reflect the diversity of the population Size of family, birth order, amount of schooling Some variables like SES may be difficult to determine, need enough utterances to obtain a sample.
What is the effect of the sample size and variability on the resultant data
300
Attention: focus and awareness Discrimination: what is the important Information? Organization: categorize, information, store, and receive Memory: store and retrieve information
What is information processing
400
Facial expressions and gestures
What is Nonlinguistic Communication
400
Rules that describe the internal organization of the words
What is Morphology
400
Allows language disorders to be addressed relative to the area(s) of language that is/are compromised rather than from categories/etiology framework. With this model, we can begin to view challenges in language from two overarching development domains, cognitive development and socio-emotional development. Instead of classifying WHY they are struggling, we classify them on WHAT part of speech and/or language that they struggle with.
What is The intentionality model proposed by Bloom and Tinker
400
Observer Paradox child's physical and emotional state at the time the context in which the sample is collected
What is the issues of naturalness and representativeness.
400
Information Processing, Top Up Processing, Bottom Down Processing
What is the models that help explain linguistic processing.
500
Attitude or emotion (suprasegmental) such as stress, pitch, rate, intonation, patterns, etc.
What is Paralinguistic Communication
500
Structure of the language; grammar; meaning is in the order of the sentence
What is Syntax
500
Views language as a structure arising from existing interacting patterns in the human brain; no area of the brain involved specifically for language and language alone
What is Emergentism
500
MLU
What is Mean Length of Utterance
500
Controls pre-motor planning, resulting in speech difficulties may be responsible for your brain’s attending to syntax, processing discrete units (single words or phrases)
What is Broca’s area