Macromolecules
Name the monomer and polymer for carbohydrates
monosaccharides and polysaccharides
What molecule transcribes DNA into mRNA?
RNA polymerase
What molecule reads mRNA codons and translates them into protein?
Ribosome
Which mutation changes a codon, but not the amino acid it codes for?
silent
What's the Best Holiday?
Halloween, duh
What is the function of enzymes?
they catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions
What kinds of proteins regulate gene expression by aiding or preventing RNA polymerase from binding a gene's promoter? They can alter the timing and amount that a gene is turned on or off.
Transcription factors
Which codons end translation?
stop codons
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
Copy a cell's DNA before cell division so that each daughter cell gets a copy
I used to let these bite my arms during experiments...
Mosquitoes
What type of chemical reaction breaks down polymers into monomers, consuming water molecules in the process?
hydrolysis
During which phase of transcription is RNA polymerase moving along the DNA template strand to synthesize mRNA using complementary base pairing?
Translocation
How do tRNAs match the right amino acid to each mRNA codon?
Each tRNA carries a different amino acid and has an anticodon complementary to the mRNA codon
Which enzyme lays down RNA primers for DNA polymerase to begin synthesizing a new strand?
primase
Sweet or Salty?
Salty
What are the two secondary structures formed by proteins?
aloha-helix and beta sheet
What is the function of the 5' cap on mRNA?
protect the 5' end from degradation and help ribosomes bind to the mRNA
What would happen to translation if you blocked the A site of the ribosome?
It would prevent new tRNAs from entering the ribosome and adding their amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.
Do Okazaki fragments form on the leading or lagging strand and why do they form?
They form on the lagging strand because DNA polymerase can only move in the 3' to 5' direction along the template strand and adds nucleotides to a free 3' end of a growing DNA molecule
What letter grade did I get on my first chemistry test in college?
C
Draw the nucleotide pairings (A/T/G/C) for DNA. Include the number of hydrogen bonds that form between each complementary base pair.
A-T (two hydrogen bonds), G-C (three hydrogen bonds)
What is the function of alternative splicing, and which parts of the pre-mRNA are kept for translation (introns or exons)?
Alternative splicing removes introns, and leaves different exons for translation. This way a cell can produce multiple protein variants from a single gene.
How does the sequence of polypeptides in an amino acid influence protein function?
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain determines what 3D shape a protein adopts as it folds, which determines its function
Explain how frameshift mutations affect codons and the resulting polypeptide.
A frameshift mutation shifts the codon reading frame which can change the entire polypeptide sequence downstream.
Don't...
Die