CE Semester 1 Final Review

Pre-Columbian to 1754

100

This crop permitted the Cahokia to create complex societies

Maize/Corn

200

One consequence of the Columbian Exchange included

decrease of native populations (diseases)

Exchange of foods between Europe and New World

Changes in diets

300

Most popular type of servant in early colonization of Virginia

indentured servants

400

This new technology helped European exploration by providing better ship maneuverability 

Lateen Sail

500

primary reason for Northern colonies

religious freedom

1754 - 1788

100

One consequence of the French and Indian war includes:

-French had to leave the western area

-Native Americans lost access to trading with the French (weapons)

200

This political cartoon shows the reactions of colonists to what English action? 

English taxation - specifically Stamp Act

300

What heavily influenced the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence? 

Enlightenment

400

How did the American Revolution impact slaves in the North? 

it set them free

500

The 3rd Amendment of the United States Constitution directly related to this British action

British troops living in the colonies to enforce laws

1789 - 1846

100

This major weakness of the Articles of Confederation made it nearly impossible for Congress to raise money, since it lacked the power to do this directly

taxing the states or citizens

200

Anti-Federalists opposed ratifying the Constitution largely because it lacked this key protection for individual freedoms.

The Bill of Rights

300

Alexander Hamilton’s economic vision for the new nation centered on this type of strong central institution he believed would stabilize the economy and manage national finances.

the National Bank

400

In response to the Sedition Act of 1798, Jefferson and Madison argued in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions that states could use this principle to declare federal laws unconstitutional.

Nullification

500

This economic program proposed after the War of 1812 sought to strengthen the nation through a protective tariff and federally supported internal improvements.

*Double Jeopardy* must answer second question correct to earn 1000

Who created this? 

the American System

Henry Clay

1846 - 1865

100

This 19th-century belief held that the United States was destined to expand its territory across the North American continent.

Manifest Destiny

200

This principle allowed settlers in a territory to vote on whether to permit slavery, a policy that heightened tensions in places like Kansas.

Popular Sovereignty 

300

Issued on January 1, 1863, this presidential order declared enslaved people in Confederate-controlled areas to be free.

Emancipation Proclamation

400

Passed by Congress in January 1865 and ratified later that year, this amendment permanently abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States—except as a punishment for crime—marking the first constitutional change to directly expand civil rights since the Bill of Rights.

13th Amendment

500

A result of the 1860 Presidential election included: 

7 states seceding from the Union

Potpourri

100

Because of geography and climate, the American colonies developed different economies: New England relied on shipping and trade, the Middle Colonies on grains, and the Southern Colonies on this labor-intensive agricultural system.

Plantation farming

200

This 1830s forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation resulted in thousands of deaths as they were marched west under harsh conditions.

Trail of Tears

also accepted - Indian Removal Act

300

A consequence of the growing factory system (in the 1830s and 40s) includes

Any one of these:

-increased urbanization

-increased poverty

-starting labor unions (failed though)

-nativism against Irish and Germans

400

This political movement of the 1820s–1830s expanded participation for white male voters and emphasized the “common man,” but also reinforced policies like Indian removal and opposition to elite institutions such as the national bank.

Jacksonian Democracy

500

Despite early Confederate victories, these battles proved to be a turning point in 1863—marked by simultaneous Union successes in Pennsylvania and along the Mississippi River—shifted the momentum of the Civil War decisively in favor of the Union.

Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg