Theory
Vygotsky’s theory of learning, which posits that learning occurs when children are supported in working on challenging activities that are beyond what they can achieve on their own.
What is Zone of proximal development?
An approach to programming that values, supports, and embraces diverse racial, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural influences and backgrounds.
What is culturally responsive practices?
Type of program for young children that emphasized care and service to parents but did not have strong educational components.
What is custodial care?
A research method of directly observing subjects in their natural environment.
What is naturalistic observation?
Children’s use of language to organize their thinking, first by talking aloud and later as silent, internal talk.
What is private speech?
The practice of actively diminishing and erasing diverse backgrounds and influences in an effort to promote dominant U.S. beliefs and culture.
What is Americanizing?
Group day-care programs providing basic care and designed as a service to working parents.
What are day nurseries?
Learning experiences and plans that emerge from children’s interests and lives.
What is emergent curriculum?
Presented by Piaget, the cognitive state of balance, where the child feels comfortable with beliefs, ideas, and knowledge.
What is equilibrium?
The status within community and society based on income level, family economic stability, and social acceptance.
The desire, interest, and motivation that are driven by internal forces, as opposed to external rewards.
What is intrinsic motivation?
Integrating new experiences, ideas, or beliefs into existing knowledge structures (schemas).
What is assimilation?
Theory about how people learn and understand their world, with particular emphasis on the active process individuals undertake to develop complex knowledge
What is constructivism?
Part of the IDEA, the goal that children with disabilities are provided with educational programming and services in classroom environments that reflect their highest functioning level, ideally in regular education classrooms with supports as needed.
What is Least Restrictive Environment?
The desire and motivation that driven by external rewards.
What is external motivation?
Changing existing beliefs based on new information or experience that challenges current knowledge, so that new knowledge or understanding is created
What is accommodation?
When new information contradicts currently held beliefs, which then prompts the child to rethink existing beliefs
What is cognitive conflict?
The process of adapting learning experiences or material selection based on the unique needs and abilities of individual children.
What is individualized instruction?
Be in tune with children’s moods, needs, and interests and respond appropriately
What is responsiveness?
A teaching technique that involves giving verbal cues, prompts, and suggestions on appropriately challenging activities.
What is scaffolding?