Punnett Squares
This is used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring from a cross between two parents.
What is a Punnett Square?
These are the 4 base pairs in DNA.
What are ACTG?
Common ancestry means this.
What is closer species share a closer common ancestor?
A characteristic or feature of an organism.
What is a trait?
A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
What is a mutation?
In a Punnett Square, a capital letter represents this.
What is a dominant allele?
This is the shape of the DNA molecule.
What is a double helix?
Name one piece of evidence for common ancestry found in fossils.
What are transitional fossils?
A different version of a gene.
What are alleles?
Two main types of reproduction.
What is sexual and asexual reproduction?
If a parent is homozygous dominant (AA) and the other parent is homozygous recessive (aa), the percentage of offspring that will be heterozygous will be this.
What is 100% heterozygous?
The function of DNA in living organisms is this.
What is store genetic information to create proteins?
Embryonic development provides evidence for common ancestry in this way.
What is embryo's early development retains traits from common ancestors.
The observable physical characteristics of an organism
What is a phenotype?
Mutations can be beneficial to organisms in this way.
What is providing new traits that improve survival or reproduction?
A heterozygous genotype in a Punnett Square would look like this. (Use the letter A as an example)
Was is Aa?
The building blocks of DNA are called this.
What are nucleotides?
Scientists compare this in DNA to find evidence of common ancestry.
What are transposons or amino acid sequences?
Having 2 identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g. AA or aa).
What is homozygous?
An allele that is only expressed when 2 copies are present are called this.
What is a recessive allele?
This is the phenotype ratio expected from a monohybrid cross between 2 heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa).
What is 3:1 dominant: recessive?
Mutations in DNA affect an organism in this way.
What is changing an organisms' proteins and traits?
Amino acid sequences can be used to support the theory of common ancestry in this way.
What is similarities in amino acid sequences can show similarity to other organisms and how close they are related?
The difference between Genotype and Phenotype is this.
What is the genetic makeup (alleles) and the other is observable traits from that gene?
Name one possible cause of mutations.
What are environmental factors or errors during DNA replication?