How It Looks (Renal Structure)
This is the outermost layer of the kidney
This hormone is secreted by the JGA
What is renin?
This is the shape of magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals
What is coffin lid
This is the most common cause of ischemia to the kidneys
What is volume loss?
GI, burns, diuretics
This is the number of muscles in each of a cat's ears
What is 32?
This lines the inside of the GBM
What is a single layer of fenestrated endothelial cells?
1α-Hydroxylase (the enzyme responsible for catalyzes the hydroxylation of Calcifediol to calcitriol is found in this part of the nephron
What is proximal tubule?
This is pathognomonic for Acute Tubular Necrosis
What are muddy brown casts
These are the two most common causes of CKD
What are diabetes and HTN?
This is the #1 movie of all time in terms of imdb ratings
What is The Shawshank Redemption?
This is the number of renal arteries per kidney
What is one?
This is where erythropoietin is formed in the kidney
What are interstitial cells?
These crystals are often found in the urine of patients with a complicated urinary tract infection
What are Magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals or triple phosphate crystals
These are common early signs and symptoms of CKD
What are edema, flank pain, polyuria, nocturia, HTN?
This is the only NFL team that has a logo on one side of its helmet
What is Pittsburgh Steelers
These cells are found on the visceral side of Bowman's capsule and function to maintain arteriolar tone
What are podocytes
This kidney is a major player in this metabolic process that gives energy
What is gluconeogenesis?
Large amounts of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystal (White lines or white asterisk shaped) are seen in this type of poisoning
You may see this in a diabetic patient with a long dwelling catheter that needs removal
What is budding yeast?
The Baby Ruth candy bar was named after this person
Who is Ruth Cleveland, daughter of President Grover Cleveland?
Not The Sultan of Swat! The king of crash! The colossus of clout! The Great Bambino...BABE RUTH!!
This is the special part of the mesangium that protrudes out of the glomerulus
What is juxtaglomerular apparatus ?
This is the equation for GFR
What is GFR=Kf×(ΔP−ΔΠ)
Kf = surface area for filtration multiplied by the hydraulic permeability
ΔP = pressure gradient between the glomerular capillary and Bowman's space: drives fluid into Bowman's space to form urine
ΔΠ = osmotic gradient between the glomerular capillary and Bowman's space: holds fluid back in the capillary and slows down filtration.
Patients with tumor lysis syndrome will have these crystals
What are Calcium phosphate or uric acid crystals?
These are the common manifestations of uremia
What are AMS, asterixis, pulmonary edema, pericarditis?
This state has the only active diamond mine in the U.S.
What is Arkansas