The Cellular Basis of Life
What two major groups of cells are classified based on the presence of a nucleus?
Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells
What is the primary tool used to study cells?
Microscope/Microscopy
What structure surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves it?
What molecule provides energy for active transport?
ATP
What do you call the liquid portion of blood that transports nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products?
Plasma
What process allows prokaryotes to reproduce rapidly?
Binary Fission
What type of microscopy uses visible light and glass lenses?
Light Microscopy
Hydrophilic (polar) heads and Hydrophobic (non polar) tails
What organelle stores water and cell products and is present in both plant and animal cells?
Vacuole
What type of tissues is the extracellular matrix abundant in?
Connective Tissues
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
What microscopy technique enhances contrast in transparent cells without staining?
Phase-Contrast Microscopy
What does "selectively permeable" mean?
it allows some substances to pass throughg while blocking others.
Give the three (3) domains that compose the cell adhesion molecules?
Intracellular domain; Transmembrane domain; Extracellular domain
What do you call the movement of substances between cells and extracellular fluid?
Diffusion and Active Transport
What process produces specialized cells from unspecialized cells?
Cell Differentiation
What technique separates cell components using centrifugal force?
Centrifugation
How are phospholipids arranged in the membrane?
In a bilayer with heads facing outward and tails inward.
What do you call the signaling stage that detects a signal from the outside of the cell?
Reception
Give two (2) functions of the extracellular environment.
Nutrient transport; Waste removal, Cell communication; Structural support; Maintenance of hemeostasis; Cell adhesion and migration
Name one external appendage of prokaryotic cells and give its function.
Flagella - Motility
Pili/Fimbriae - Attachment or Conjugation
Capsule - Protection and virulence
What type of imaging tracks protein movement and cell division in real-time?
How does the plasma membrane contribute to cellular homeostasis?
by regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Why are signals important to cells?
To keep cells active and functioning.
Give three (3) examples of extracellular signaling molecules.
Hormones; Growth factors and Cytokines; Neurotransmitters