Cell Membranes
Transport
Cell Types
Organelles
Bioenergetics
100
Which parts of a phospholipid are hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Head is hydrophilic, tails are hydrophobic
100
What is it called when cells take in very large particles by forming a vesicle?
Endocytosis
100
Where is DNA found in prokaryotes?
Nucleoid region
100
Which organelle makes proteins?
Ribosomes
100
Which pigment absorbs light energy during photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
200
What term is used to describe the fact that the cell membrane is flexible and has molecules embedded throughout?
Fluid mosaic model
200
Which direction does solute move in passive transport?
From high to low solute concentration
200
How are prokaryotes different from eukaryotes?
They don't have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
200
What does the Rough ER do?
It folds proteins and sends them for transport
200
Which type of cellular respiration breaks down glucose with enough oxygen?
Aerobic respiration
300
What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
To keep the membrane fluid
300
Which type of transport uses membrane proteins but does not require ATP?
Facilitated diffusion
300
List the 3 substances a cell wall can be made of and in which organisms they can be found
Bacteria = peptidoglycan
Fungi = chitin
Plants = cellulose
300
How is the lysosome able to break down waste?
It has digestive enzymes (and an acidic environment) that breaks down molecules
300
What happens to ATP in order to release energy?
The phosphate group on the end breaks off, releasing energy and becoming ADP + P
400
What are the names of the objects represented by letters A and J?
Glycolipid and integral membrane protein
400
How are osmosis and diffusion different?
Osmosis is water moving low to high solute concentration. Diffusion is solute moving high to low solute concentration
400
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
Describes how a larger (prokaryotic) cell once engulfed a smaller, likely bacterial cell that became an organelle due to mutualistic relationship, creating the first eukaryotic cell
400
Which organelles do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
Cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm
400
What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?
6H20 + 6CO2 + light --- C6H12O6 + O2
500
How are phospholipids organized in the phospholipid bilayer and why?
There are two layers of phospholipids, with hydrophilic heads facing out towards water and hydrophobic heads faced inward away from water
500
A plant cell is flaccid. Draw a diagram with the hyper/hypo/isotonic areas labeled, and the movement of the labeled molecule with arrows
Outside and inside are isotonic. Water moved equally both in and out of the cell
500
What pieces of evidence support the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own DNA and ribosomes
500
Which structures are labeled K, G, and B?
Cytoplasm, chloroplast, and vacuole
500
Explain alcoholic fermentation (including which organisms do it)
When yeast and some bacteria are in the presence of low or no oxygen, they will switch to alcoholic fermentation (a type of anaerobic respiration) and make very few ATP with ethanol as a byproduct