Cell Theory
What is the smallest living system?
The cell
What is an example of fragmentation?
Coral, starfish.. etc
List the four phases of mitosis.
Prophase,metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
When a small sample is taken from an infected area and studied, it is called a ______.
Biopsy
What is an organelle?
membrane bound compartments with specialized functions, little organs
Who discovered the first cell?
Robert Hooke
Most efficient controls has a _____ surface area and a _____ volume
high surface area, low volume
List the locations of the checkpoints.
G1, G2, Mitosis (end of metaphase)
What is metastasis?
cancer cells that break away from the original site (primary tumour) and move through the lymphatic or blood vessels to a secondary location (forms a secondary tumour)
Which organelles receives proteins from ER and modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for delivery throughout the cell and outside the cell?
Golgi apparatus
Who is the father of microbiology?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
What are the three reasons that cells divide?
1. growth
2. reproduction
3. repair
Explain the difference of cytokinesis in plants and in animal cells.
Animal cells - cleavage furrow
Plant cells - cell plate
Difference between benign and malignant tumours.
Benign tumour: cells stick together
Malignant: cells interfere with surrounding cells
Nucleolus
Which scientist and experiment was responsible for disproving spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur- Swan Neck Flask Experiment
What is the mechanism for programmed cell death?
Apoptosis
At which stage, does the nuclear envelop disintegrate into small fragments?
pro-metaphase or metaphase
List two causes of cancer
Mutations and Carcinogens
Which organelles are only found in plant cells?
Chloroplast, cell wall and a large vacuole.
List the three parts of the cell theory.
All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells
What is sporulation?
Creation of an endospore to survive harsh conditions
Spindle fibres arise from?
Clusters of microtubules (from centrioles)
Which medical imaging technology is harmful to cancer cells?
X-ray
Which organelles have a double-membrane?
Chloroplast and mitochondria