Organelles
The three organelles that are found ONLY in plant cells.
What are the chloroplast, cell wall, & central vacuole?
The first person to see cells under a microscope; the person to discover cells.
Who is Robert Hooke?
The term for the number of chromosomes in a cell which can be either haploid or diploid.
What is ploidy?
A mass of tissue that has no apparent function in the body.
What is a tumor?
cells in a solution that is LESS concentrated than their own cytoplasm
What is hypotonic?
The "powerhouse of the cell"; generates ATP through the Kreb's cycle.
What is the mitochondrion?
The model for the plasma membrane proposed by Singer & Nicolson currently used today.
What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?
A control point where stop & go-ahead signals can regulate the cell cycle.
What is a checkpoint?
The requirement that a cell must be attached to a substratum in order to divide.
What is anchorage dependence?
When cells and the solution surrounding them contain equal amounts of solute
What is isotonic?
Surrounds the cell of both prokaryotes & eukaryotes.
What is the plasma (cell) membrane?
1) Cells are structural & functional units of all living things.
2) All lifeforms are made from one or more cell.
3) All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
4) All energy flow of life occurs within cells.
5) All cells contain hereditary information.
6) All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
7) The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells.
What is Cell Theory?
The first (& most important) cell cycle checkpoint, when the cell becomes "committed" to the cell cycle.
What is the G1 checkpoint or restriction point?
Phenomenon in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another.
What is density-dependent inhibition?
The location of genetic material in a bacterium.
What is the nucleoid?
A membrane bound sac, vacuole, filled with enzymes.
What is a lysosome?
Proposed the bimolecular lipid leaflet model.
Who are Gorter & Grendel?
G0, G1, M.
What are the three major cell cycle checkpoints?
When cells from a tumor break away & start new cancers at distant locations.
What is metastasis?
The internal balance of a system that keeps conditions stable; also called "dynamic equilibrium".
What is homeostasis?
Responsible for linking amino acids together to form proteins from an mRNA template.
What is the ribosome?
The model proposed by Davson & Danielli wherein a phospholipid bilayer is sandwiched between two layers of globular proteins.
What is the Sandwich Model?
When a non-dividing cell such as a mature nerve cell attempts to reactivate the cycle as a form of "suicide".
What is abortive cell cycle re-entry?
The cellular signaling pathway that deliberately results in cell death.
What is apoptosis?
(transcription) (translation)
DNA ----------------> RNA --------------> Protein
What is the Central Dogma?