Cell Components
This organelle would be considered degradative, and would contain proteins that aid this function
Lysosome
hydrocarbon tails, on the interior of membranes
Name a specific transporter that uses ATP
Sodium Potassion Pump, Proton Pump
answers may vary
What is the water potential of a 0.1M NaCl solution in an open beaker at 20 degrees Celsuis?
-5 bars
Green roofs are considered environmentally friendly because they remove carbon from the atmosphere, reducing global warming. Which organelle is responsible?
chloroplast
describe the chemical structure of aquaporins. include amino acid categories and major geometrical subcomponents.
Answer must include the hydrophilic interior amino acids facing water, hydrophilic amino acids facing intracellular and extracellular fluids, exterior embedded hydrophobic portions facing hydrocarbon tails of membrane. Geometrically, the channel is created by a group of alpha helices.
Provide three separate terms that all refer to types of passive transport
A student creates an artificial cell using dialysis tubing and places a 3% albumin solution inside the cell, and then places the cell in an open beaker filled with distilled water. What would the student expect to find upon measuring the mass of the artificial cell three hours later? and WHY?
The cell will not have changed meaningfully in mass despite having a large protein inside, as the molarity of the solution in the cell is less than .01M (there is not a large concentration gradient).
What is the water potential of a 0.1M Glucose solution in an open beaker at 20 degrees Celsuis?
-3 bars
Name a cell component that one would find in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
membrane, ribosomes, DNA
Name three different types of proteins that may be found in a membrane, and describe their functions
membrane receptor - determine presence of ligand
channel protein - facilitated diffusion
active transport pump - active transport against electrochemical gradient
In general, being ______ and ______ makes it more likely that a substance will be able to freely diffuse across cell membranes.
small, nonpolar (example of oxygen molecule)
The cell containing sucrose, as the cell membrane is freely permeable to water, but less permeable to sucrose than to Na+ or Cl- (so more of the Na+ and Cl- will have diffused OUT than sucrose will have diffused OUT)
Endosymbiosis / Endosymbiotic Theory
ribosomes
If hydrocarbon tails of phospholipids were made longer, how would this impact water transport?
passive simple diffusion of water would take longer
facilitated diffusion would perhaps take slightly longer but the effect would be minimal compared to the slowing of simple diffusion
exocytosis
Two artificial cells of equal size are created with dialysis tubing. The first cell is filled with 1M glucose, and the second is filled with 1M sucrose. The cells are placed in separate open beakers containing distilled water. Any difference in mass of the artificial cells after 15 minutes is due to what property of the solutes?
molecular size
Name two structures that one would find in a plant cell but not an animal cell
cell wall, chloroplast
mRNA contains the genetic code and leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores
A cell with molarity of dissolved solutes equal to 0.2M is placed in a 0.1M solution. Use tonicity terms to describe the situation.
The cell is hypertonic to the surrounding solution
The surrounding solution is hypotonic to the cell
In a paramecium residing in fresh water, excess water is removed from the organism by what structure? Does this require energy?
contractile vacuole, yes (water is being moved against its concentration gradient)
The water potential of the potato cells is closer than the water potential of the sweet potato cells to the solute potential of the 0.2M sucrose solution.
This transport process requires the presence of specific molecules in the extracellular fluid in order to occur
receptor-mediated endocytosis