Cell Organelles
The organelle which houses genetic information
what is the nucleus?
The difference between passive and active transport
what is passive transport requires no energy (ATP) and active transport requires energy (ATP)?
the three stages of cell signaling
what are reception, transduction, and response?
the net result of aerobic respiration
what are 6 carbon dioxide, 6 water, and up to 36 ATP?
Cellular reproduction process that results in two identical cells
what is mitosis?
the organelles that participate in the production of protein
what are the nucleus, ribosomes, rough ER, and golgi apparatus?
what are small, uncharged molecule?
Type of cell signaling where one cell targets itself
what is autocrine?
The four stages of aerobic respiration
what are: glycolysis, transformation of pyruvate, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?
what is meiosis?
What is the mitochondria?
the components of a cell membrane
what are a phospholipid bilayer and membrane proteins?
Paracrine signaling results in what type of response?
What is quick responses that last a short period of time?
what is: aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen?
The purpose of meiosis
What is to produce gametes, which are used in sexual reproduction?
Lysosomal storage disease are a group of rare genetic disorders that result in defects in the function of lysosomes. What might happen to the cells of an individual with lysosomal storage disease?
What is the accumulation of waste inside of cells?
Na+ is a charged ion. A cell is trying to move Na+ from the extracellular space into the intercellular space. The concentration of Na+ inside the cell is much lower than the concentration outside the cell. There is no available ATP in the cell. What will happen?
What is: Na+ will not be able to be moved across the membrane?
The regulation of blood sugar levels is done through the release of insulin, a hormone. When your blood sugar is high, insulin is released and binds to insulin receptors, which promotes the uptake of sugar by cells. This is an example of an endocrine response in cell signaling. What happens when insulin receptors stop working?
What is: cells are unable to uptake sugar from the bloodstream, resulting in prolonged high blood sugar levels?
Muscle cells and neuron cells require a high amount of energy due to their functions. What might you observe is different about these cells in comparison to cells that require less energy?
What is, the presence of more mitochondria?
A cell undergoing mitosis experiences a mutation in its DNA, which completely changes its genetic information. Unfortunately, during the cellular reproduction process, the checkpoints do not catch this error, and the cell is allowed to proceed through the cycle and reproduce. What effect might this have on future generations of cells?
What is: the mutation will be passed down to all descendants of this cell, resulting in a increase in damaged or malfunctioning cells in the organism?
Mitochondrial disorders are caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA. Some common symptoms are muscle fatigue, loss of muscle, slow growth, etc. Why do these symptoms occur?
What is: the mitochondria are responsible for generating cell energy, and malfunctioning mitochondria result in the inability to effectively generate energy?
What is: the blood cells are in a hypotonic environment, causing water to rush into the cells via osmosis, resulting in cells swelling and potentially bursting?
Anabolic steroids are derived from the naturally occurring hormone testosterone. They are small, uncharged molecules, and affect gene expression by binding to receptors within the cytoplasm, which allows them to enter the nucleus and directly impact DNA. How do anabolic steroids initially enter the cell?
What is: they cross the cell membrane through simple diffusion?
What is: undergo higher rates of glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation as an anaerobic process for quick energy?
Cancerous tumors arise due to uncontrollable cell growth/division. Many times, cancer cells are "genetically damaged", in that there is some error in their DNA. Despite this, they are able to continue growing and multiplying. What in the cellular reproduction cycle might be malfunctioning to cause this to happen?
What is failure of regulatory checkpoints?