Characteristics of Life
What are the 7 characteristics of life?
Adaptation/evolution, Homeostasis, Order, Response to stimuli, Development/growth, Energy, Reproduction.
What is the fundamental unit of matter called?
An atom.
What do we call the 5 parts of an amino acid?
Amino group, Carboxyl group, Hydrogen atom, R-group, Central carbon atom
What are the 3 tenets of cell theory?
Cells are the structural units of life, organisms are composed of one or more cells, and a cell must derive from the division of a preexisting cell.
What is the fundamental unit of matter called?
An atom.
Explain one example for each characteristic of life.
A- Adaptation: Changing over time based on the environment, organisms best suited for the environment survive and those traits live on. H- Homeostasis: Sweating in order to cool down. O- Order: Organelles maintain structure and organization in your cells. R- Response to stimuli: Thermoregulation. D- Development/growth: Growing from a baby, toddler, teenager, to an adult. E- Energy: Plants using solar energy and converting it to glucose. R- Reproduction: Asexual/sexual reproduction.
What is removed in a condensation/dehydration reaction?
Water.
What kind of protein helps fold other proteins?
Chaperone Protein.
Can Prokaryotes be multicellular? Are eukaryotes ALWAYS multicellular?
Prokaryotes can only be unicellular but eukaryotic cells can be multicellular or unicellular.
How many electron shells do these elements require: Oxygen, Helium, Boron, Iron?
O: 2, He: 1, B: 2, Fe: 4.
What are the 3 domains of life?
What kind of bond forms between nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bonds.
What is the term for an enzyme that lacks its necessary cofactor and thus, is not active?
Apoenzyme.
What evidence has been found that supports the endosymbiotic theory?
Evidence includes circular DNA, similar ribosomes, and a double membrane in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What kind of bond forms between Potassium and Chloride?
An ionic bond.
Can cells arise from dead cells or from nothing?
: No, cells cannot arise from dead cells or from nothing; they can only arise from the division of a pre-existing cell.
Which out of the 4 polymers/macromolecules is the most complex and variable in structure?
Proteins.
What major protein is directly involved in the immune response?
Antibodies.
What are the common eukaryotic cells (plants and animals)?
Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists.
What is the strongest bond that can form?
In aqueous solutions, covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
The endosymbiotic theory is the idea that a prokaryote once engulfed a eukaryote, forming a symbiotic relationship, leading to the creation of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Why are proteins so variable in shape and function?
Proteins are variable due to different R-groups, which influence folding and determine function.
How do enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
Enzymes reduce the energy needed for chemical reactions, known as activation energy, by facilitating various mechanisms such as bringing substrates close together, bending bonds, or changing electron densities.
What are the common eukaryotic cell organelles/components (plants and animals)?
Examples include Golgi apparatus, nucleus, mitochondria, centrioles, etc.
What kind of bond forms between nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bonds.