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Tonicity
Things cells need
Concentrations
Membranes o' Life
Cell Transport
100
If the concentration of a solute was larger on the outside of a cell than in the cytoplasm that would be this type of solution.
Hypertonic
100
The name of the channel that allows water to flow across the membrane.
What is an aquaporine?
100
Draw a beaker that shows a high concentration of a solute on the bottom but a low concentration on the top. Use dots to represent solutes.
See board with concentration gradient.
100
When an organism attempts to maintain a constant internal environment in response to environmental changes.
What is Homeostasis?
100
A type of cell transport which requires no cellular energy a moves substances from areas of high to low concentration.
What is Passive Transport?
200
If the concentration of a solute was lower on the outside of a cell than in the cytoplasm that would be this type of solution.
Hypotonic
200
Which cell would be the best at allowing gasses to diffuse into a cell? Cell A with 1.12 cm2/ml or cell B with 0.9 cm2/ml? And why?
The cell A because it have more surface area for diffusion for the amount of volume it has.
200
If a ninja took a bath in the tears of his enemies would the solution be hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic?
What is isotonic.
200
Draw a phospholipid bilayer. CIRCLE a single phospholipid. Label the area of the membrane that is hydrophobic and the area that is hydrophilic.
See board.
200
The process of diffusion where water moves across a semipermiable membrane to balance out a high concentration of a solute that cannot move across the membrane.
What is osmosis?
300
If the concentration of a solute equal on the outside of a cell to that in the cytoplasm that would be this type of solution.
Isotonic
300
What gasses do most eukaryotic cells need to cross their membranes? Which way is the net flow of these gasses and why?
Oxygen goes in for cellular respiration to make ATP in the Mitochondria and Carbon Dioxide goes out after being produced by the mitochondria (too much carbon dioxide would acidify the cytoplasm and kill the cell).
300
Draw a picture of a beaker and a cell. Use dots to represent solutes. Setup a concentration gradient that shows a hypertonic solution. Use an arrow to show the net movement of water.
See board.
300
This is the scientific name of this type of highly concentrated solution which dehydrates cells. For example when bacteria fall on salty beef jerky or dried fruit they immediately shrivel up and die when the water leaves their cells. This is because the concentration of solutes is much higher in the food then in their cytoplasm.
What is hypertonic solution?
300
A structure of active transport where a protein uses the energy of ATP to move a solute across a membrane from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration.
What is a protein pump?
400
Hypertonic solutions require a cell to use this type of transport to move the solute into the cell.
What is passive transport.
400
How do cells allow charged salts (Na+ and Cl-) to cross the membrane if no polar or charged particles can cross the inner region of the phospholipid bilayer?
Transmembrane proteins (channel/pump/facilitated diffusion) are used.
400
Every year Mr. Packard and his sons make beef jerky by soaking beef in a salty sauce and then smoking it in the smoker. Properly made beef jerky will not rot and doesn't need to be refrigerated. Yet the same "unjerked" beef would rot in just a short time if not refrigerated. Use tonicty terms to describe why decomposers (bacterial and fungal cells) can't rot beef jerky easily.
The beef jerky is salty and dry which makes it have a very concentrated (and dry) solution inside of it. So if a cell fell on beef jerky it would be in a hypertonic solution that would dehydrate the decomposing microbe.
400
The model of a cell membrane which states that there are many phospholids and proteins that make up the membrane and they are not fixed in place but rather drift around.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
400
A transmembrane protein which facilitates diffusion of specific substances across a cell membrane which otherwise would not be able to cross. They are shaped like tubes.
What is a protein channel?
500
Hypotonic solutions require a cell to use this type of transport to move the solute into the cell.
Active transport.
500
One of the major waste products cells produce from breaking down organic molecules is ammonia. Ammonia is toxic and and must be released. It has the chemical formula NH3 and represents waste nitrogen. Ammonia is typically produced from breaking down which of the 4 organic molecules we discussed?
What is Protein?
500
Why can't you or most plants drink salt water from the ocean? (Use tonicity terms in your answer)
Salt water is hypertonic to your cells and they will dehydrate/collapse/shrivel.
500
Much like a window with a screen, cell membranes allow some substances to pass through them and do not allow others to cross. What is the adjective that describes this property.
What is selectively permeable.
500
A form of mass transport where vesicles are used to actively transport substances INTO a cell.
What is endocytosis.