Central Dogma
What is the full sequence of the central dogma?
DNA → RNA → Protein
What base pairs with guanine in DNA?
Cytosine
What base is found in RNA but not DNA?
Uracil
What organelle is the “powerhouse” of the cell?
Mitochondria
During what phase do chromosomes line up in the middle?
Metaphase
Where in the cell does the central dogma start?
Nucleus
What does it mean that DNA replication is “semi-conservative”?
Each new DNA has one old and one new strand
What kind of RNA carries amino acids?
tRNA
What organelle packages and ships proteins?
Golgi apparatus
What phase comes right before cytokinesis?
Telophase
What kind of RNA acts as the template for protein building?
mRNA
Which enzyme proofreads the DNA strand?
DNA polymerase
What kind of RNA is part of the ribosome?
What part of the cell helps with structure and shape?
Cytoskeleton
How are the daughter cells related to the parent cell in mitosis?
Genetically identical
Which part of the central dogma is affected by antibiotics that stop ribosomes?
Translation
Which strand is made continuously?
Leading strand
Why is mRNA single-stranded?
To fit through nuclear pores and be read easily
What fluid fills the cell and holds organelles?
Cytoplasm
What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
Growth and repair
What happens if the central dogma is interrupted by a mutation?
Abnormal protein
What are the fragments called on the lagging strand?
Okazaki fragments
How does mRNA match up with tRNA?
Codon and anticodon
Which cells have no nucleus?
Prokaryotic
What structure helps separate chromosomes during mitosis?
Spindle fibers