Types of Signals
A cell targets itself.
Internal receptors are found here.
What is cytoplasm?
Chemical signals that travel to target cells.
What is ligand?
Apoptosis can occur when the cell is ________________.
What is damaged, infected, no longer needed?
A cell targets a nearby cell.
Converts extracellular signals into intracellular signals.
What are cell-surface receptors?
This ligand must ______ to communicate to target cells because it is a _______ and the cell membrane is Hydrophobic.
What is bind to cell-surface receptors and water-soluble ligand?
The cell can not create a response to a signal if a ligand does not pass through the plasma membrane.
True or False
What is false?
Ligands can bind to cell-surface receptors.
This type of signaling allows cells to communicate with immediate neighbors through direct membrane connections.
What is gap junction signaling?
This type of receptor is located inside the cell and binds to molecules like steroid hormones that can diffuse through the membrane.
What are internal receptors?
Specific type signal molecule in the endocrine signaling system.
What is hormone?
This type of cellular response can lead a stem cell to differentiate into a neuron or muscle cell.
What is gene expression?
In gap junction signaling, these types of molecules can pass directly between neighboring cells, but large ones like proteins cannot.
What are small molecules or ions (e.g., calcium ions)?
This type of cell-surface receptor binds a ligand and opens a channel that allows ions like calcium or sodium to enter the cell.
What are ion channel-linked receptors?
Although they can pass directly through the plasma membrane, these ligands need help getting through the bloodstream.
What are small hydrophobic ligands?
Cells typically do not undergo this process unless they receive external signals, such as growth factors from other cells.
What is cell division or cell growth?
In this type of signaling, a cell targets itself, either to guide its development or to trigger its own death, during a viral infection.
What is autocrine signaling?
Name the three structural components of a cell-surface receptor.
What is extracellular domain, transmembrane domain, and intracellular domain?
These ligands often include steroid hormones and require this kind of transport aid to move through the bloodstream.
What is a carrier protein?
Name the process by which a damaged or abnormal cell initiates its own destruction as a result of internal or external signaling.
What is apoptosis?