Cell Communication

Methods

100

When a surface molecule of one cell interacts with a surface molecule of another cell, this is an example of which method of cell communication

direct contact between cells

200

Paracrine signaling is an example of 

local (short-distance) signaling

300

hormonal signaling is an example of 

long distance signaling

400

Plant cells can directly communicate with each other through

plasmadermata

500

synaptic signaling is an example of 

local signaling 

Stages

100

activation of an enzyme and transcription of specific genes are examples of which stage of signaling?

cellular response

200

This process begins with the receptor protein changing its shape.

transduction

300

When a ligand binds to a receptor, what stage of cell signaling is this?

Reception

400

Amplification happens during this stage

transduction

500

The release of a ligand into the bloodstream

signaling stage

Molecules

100

Epinephrine (adrenaline) is an example of this type of molecule, with respect to cell communication

It is a ligand

200

Cyclic AMP is an example of this type of molecule with respect to cell signaling

second messenger 

300

This type of molecule is responsible for adding a phosphate group to the next molecule in the signaling cascade

kinase

400

This type of molecule is responsible for removing a phosphate group from a phosphorylated member of the signaling cascade. 

phosphatase

500

Hydrophilic signalling molecules will bind to these molecules

extracellular receptor protein

G-proteins

100

This protein exchanges a GDP for GTP to power the next stage 

G-Protein

200

This molecule is a peptide with 7 folds spanning the intracellular and extracellular spaces

G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)

300

A GPCR system will make this secondary messenger

cAMP

400

Cells use complicated cell transduction pathways in order to 

multiply responses to a single messenger

500

membrane-bound enzyme that is responsible for cleaving phosphate groups off of ATP in order to construct a second messenger

adenalyl cyclase

TRK and LIC

100

Tyrosine receptor Kinases are used when ______ responses are needed 

Multiple

200

When ligands bind to TRK, they first form a

Dimer

300

Ligated ion channels only open when

The ligand binds to the active site

400

Ligand ion channels allow specific ions to pass through because of their change in 

conformation (shape)

500

What is a kinase? 

an enzyme that phosphorylates a protein molecule