Mitosis
The phase where chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell.
What is Metaphase?
A group of molecules that can phosphorylate and activate proteins to regulate the cell cycle.
What are CDKs?
The number of chromatids in a replicated chromosome.
What is 2?
If the DNA is damaged, this protein prevents the cell from entering S-phase.
What is p53?
The two major phases of the cell cycle?
What are Interphase and M Phase?
The phase where sister chromatids are pulled apart.
What is Anaphase?
Genes that encode for p53 and Rb to help suppress/prevent the growth of tumors and are often referred to as the "brake pedal" of the cell cycle.
What are tumor suppressor genes?
The form of DNA at the beginning of Telophase?
What is a chromosome?
Occurs when a cell is damaged or not needed.
What is apoptosis?
What are G1, S, & G2?
The phase where DNA condenses to form visible chromosomes.
What is prophase?
Molecular signals that tell cells when to divide.
What are growth factors?
One half of a replicated chromosome.
What is a sister chromatid?
Mutations in the tumor suppressor genes that encode for ATM and BRCA1 can lead to these types of cancers.
What is breast, ovarian, leukemia, and lymphoma?
The part of the cell cycle where the cell spends the majority of its time.
What is Interphase?
The phase where two nuclei are present in one cell.
What is Telophase?
Proteins that normally stimulate the cell cycle are encoded by proto-oncogenes. Mutated versions of these genes are called...
What are oncogenes?
The structure of DNA during Interphase.
What is chromatin?
Checkpoint that verifies that DNA has been replicated correctly.
What is the G2 checkpoint.
The phase when DNA is replicated.
What is S phase?
Cell types that undergo mitosis for growth and repair.
What are somatic cells?
A family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes.
What is a cyclin?
The phase of mitosis when the number of chromosomes doubles?
What is anaphase?
Cells that don't divide go to this step.
What is G0 phase?
The cell increases in size and prepares to replicate DNA.
What is the G1 phase?