Concept 1
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What part of the cell processes and sorts proteins to be shipped?
The golgi apparatus
What is passive transport?
Requires no extra energy by cells because molecules move from high to low concentration.
What are the differences between hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions?
Hypertonic- water [] is lower than cell's cytoplasm (water moves out of the cell/ cell shrivels)
Hypotonic- Water [] is higher than cell's cytoplasm (water moves into the cell/ cell swells)
Isotonic- Identical [] to cell's cytoplasm (cell stays the same)
What are the 3 phases of the cell cylce?
Interphase (cell growth); Mitosis (cell division); Cytokinisis (cytoplasm separation)
What part of the cell protects the DNA?
The nucleus
What part of the cell breaks down food during cell respiration so ATP can be released to be used by the cell?
The mitochondria
What is active transport?
Requires extra energy to be spent to move materials from low to high concentration.
What is the term for a fertilized egg?
Zygote
What are the 4 phases of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What part of the cell destroys harmful substances and dead parts of the cell?
Lysosomes
What do organisms constantly have to take in and respond to in order to maintain homeostasis?
Stimuli
What are the three types of passive transport?
Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
Where do fertilized eggs go?
Through the Fallopian tubes and then embedded in the uterus wall.
Why do body cells divide?
For growth and repair
What part of the cell makes lipids?
The smooth ER
The product of a system intensifies the response.
Childbirth; fruit ripening; blood clotting
What are two examples of active transport?
Molecular pump, Using vesicles
What are embryonic stem cells?
Cells that have never differentiated.
How is the cell cycle regulated? What are two types of signals in cell cycle regulation?
A chemical control system that signals stop and go points.
External (signals that come from outside the cell) Internal (signals that come from the cells own nucleus)
What part of the cell makes ribosomes?
The nucleolus
What is the result of negative feedback mechanisms? Give an example.
The product of a system causes a counter response to return to a set point and stabilize.
Human bod temperature; water concentration; blood sugar regulation
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis= uses vesicles to move large particles into the cell
Exocytosis= uses vesicles to move materials out of the cell
What are the steps of the differentiation process from smallest to largest?
Cell;tissue;organs;organ system; organism
What are the two types of cancer cells?
Benign- abnormal cells that typically remained clustered/ can be harmless and easily removed
Malignant- cancer cells that break away from the tumor and move to other parts of the body to create more tumors