Cell Cycle 1
What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase
Mitosis/Meiosis
What is the name of the theory that scientists believe about the original genetic material on Earth?
RNA world hypothesis
What occurs during Prophase?
Spindle Fibers are created to attach to chromosomes, Nucleus membrane disappears, and DNA condenses into chromosomes
What does semi-conservative replication mean?
DNA is made of one strand of parental DNA and one strand of newly synthesized DNA
If a strand of DNA reads 5' A T C C G T A 3' What would the complementary strand read?
3' T A G G C A T 5'
Which phase of the cell cycle is the main period of growth and development?
G1
During which phase do the nucleus and cytoplasm divide?
Mitosis/Cytokinesis
How many stages are there in the Interphase phase of the cell cycle?
3
What occurs in G0?
Cells are fully formed and are removed from the cell cycle. The cell can only return to the cycle to repair injuries when needed.
What are the 3 stages of Interphase?
G1, S, G2
What are the four nitrogenous bases of DNA?
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
What are the four steps of DNA replication?
1. Strand of original DNA
2. Unzip DNA (break hydrogen bonds)
3. Add complementary bases
4. Two semiconservative helixes are made
What happens in the S stage of Interphase?
DNA replication
What happens in the G2 phase of Interphase?
Extra growth and Preparation for cell division
What are cell checkpoints and where are the four checkpoints in the cell cycle?
Checkpoints are places where the cell is stopped and assessed before continuing through the cell cycle to ensure there is no damage.
At the end of G1
At the end of S
At the end of G2
After anaphase
What are the three components that build nucleotides?
Deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
What is the name of the enzyme used to build DNA molecules
DNA polymerase
In metaphase what occurs ?
All cells align in the middle to be separated evenly.
How is the cell cycle important to multicellular organisms?
It allows them to produce more cells for growth, to replace cells, and to repair damage.
What is the restriction zone and where in the cell cycle does it occur?
The restriction zone is a checkpoint to see if the cell grew correctly during the G1 phase
What is the building block of DNA called?
Nucleotides
What is produced at the end of the Mitosis?
2 identical daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
If a cell has 23 chromosomes at the beginning of Interphase, how many chromosomes will the cell have at end of S phase?
46
What are the 4 parts in the mitosis phase of the cell cycle?
metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase
In which direction does DNA replication occur?
5' to 3'