Phases of Cell Cycle
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
S phase
Which process divides the cytoplasm?
cytokinesis
What causes cancer?
uncontrolled cell division due to mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
What phase comes before mitosis?
G2 Phase
What is the result of mitosis?
two genetically identical daughter cells
What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor
benign = non-cancerous, malignant = cancerous and can metastasize
How does apoptosis help embryos develop fingers and toes?
removing cells in between developing digits
Why do cells stay small?
to maintain a high surface area-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient and waste exchange
During which phase do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
metaphase
What is a carcinogen
factor that can cause cancer
What does ‘metastasize’ mean?
cancer cells spreading to other parts of the body
What happens if a cell gets stuck in interphase?
it cannot divide and may remain dormant
What happens if a cell skips cytokinesis?
the cell will have two nuclei
What is one way cancer can be treated?
surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapy?
Name two external factors that control the cell cycle.
growth factors and cell-to-cell contact
Which cell type divides fastest?
stem cells or epithelial cells
What do stem cells do?
divide and differentiate into specialized cell types