phases of cell cycle
During ________, chromatin becomes tightly wound, or condenses, into chromosomes. Also during ________, each chromosome is X-shaped
prophase
anaphase
3rd phase
The sister chromatids are attached near the center of the chromosome by a structure called the
centromere
Interphase is divided into which 3 phases?
G1, S, G2
_________ is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells.
Cancer
During _______ the chromatids are pulled by motor proteins along the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell. The chromatids line up in the middle, or the equator, of the cell.
metaphase
Interphase
normal living conditions
Spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers are all made of microtubules. These structures form the________
spindle apparatus
__________ follows mitosis and is the stage when the cytoplasm divides and two cells are created.
cytokinesis
Substances that are known to cause cancer are called
________.
carcinogens
During _______ the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and copies its DNA
interphase
telophase
4th
each chromosome is X-shaped. The left half of the X is one chromosome copy. The right half is an identical copy. Each half of the X is a _______
sister chromatid
This phase is a part of interphase. During ________ DNA is replicated.
S-synthesis
______ is a natural process of programmed cell death
apoptosis
During _________ the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and begin to change back into chromatin. Two new nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes, the nucleoli reappear, and the spindle apparatus is taken apart.
telophase
metaphase
2nd
Chromatin is made of units of DNA coiled around protein, called __________.
nucleosomes
This phase is a part of interphase. During _____ the cell grows and performs normal functions.
G1
Cancer can occur in people of all ages, but _______ ______ have a higher risk.
older people
the sister chromatids are pulled apart. The microtubules of the spindle apparatus shorten and pull at each centromere to separate into two identical chromosomes. At the end of ________, the microtubules move each identical chromosome toward the poles of the cell
anaphase
prophase
1st
Before prophase, DNA is in a relaxed, or unwound, form known as ________
chromatin
This phase is a part of interphase. During _____ the cell prepares for mitosis.
G2
List 4 things that can cause cancer
Radiation, UV rays, tobacco, alcohol, some viruses, inhertied mutations.