Cell Cycle
What is the cell cycle?
the series of growth as a cell grows and eventually divides
What happens in G1?
the cell is growing, making more organelles, and doing its job
what is the shape of DNA
double helix structure
What are the nitrogenous bases that are pyrimidines?
Thymine and Cytosine
what is the name of the enzyme that breaks the DNA into two?
helicase
In order, what are the stages of the cell cycle (including the Mitotic phase?)
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
What happens in G2?
The cell grows and makes more organelles while preparing for division
what is the "backbone" made up of?
phosphate and deoxyribose sugar
what are the nitrogenous bases that are purines?
Guanine and Adenine
what enzyme joins nucleotides to create the new strands of DNA?
polymerase
What is the name of the group that includes the stages of G1, S, and G2?
Interphase
What happens in S ?
Cell replicates DNA to prepare for cell division
what is the building block monomer of DNA?
nucleotides
what is the result of a pyrimidine bonding with a purine every time?
DNA always has a consistent width
what direction does polymerase build?
5 to 3
What is the name of the group that includes the stages of Mitosis and Cytokinesis?
Mitotic Phase
What happens in Mitosis?
DNA condenses to form chromosomes, chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers.
what are the names of the four nitrogenous bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
what are the bonds of nitrogenous bases called?
base pairs
what direction does the lagging and leading strands build?
they are both going in 5 to 3 direction but because they are anti parallel, the leading strand follows helicase towards the replication fork. The lagging strand moves away from the replication fork, and has to go back to build more.
What phase in the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time in?
G1
What happens in cytokinesis?
cytoplasm splits, and creates two identical daughter cells
Describe the bonds of the nitrogenous bases.
Adenine and Thymine have 2 hydrogen bonds
Guanine and Cytosine have 3 hydrogen bonds
what are nucleosomes?
When DNA wraps around proteins called histones
what are the segments in the lagging strand called?
Okazaki fragments