Cell Cycle Phases
The first phase of the cell cycle grows the cell, metabolism happens and organelle duplication.
What is G1 Phase?
During this phase chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes. The nucleus disappears and the mitotic spindle begins forming centrosomes?
What is Prophase?
This checkpoint ensures that the cell only divides if the DNA is not damage.
This checkpoint is G1
What is Cancer?
Cancer is an uncontrolled cell division.
This structure pulls chromosomes apart and during mitosis.
What are Spindle fibers?
This phase DNA is replicated and each chromosome becomes two sister chromatids that are joined at the centromere.
What is S phase?
During this phase chromosomes line up at the center of the _____ plate. Sister chromatids attach to opposite spindle poles.
What is metaphase?
This protein helps regulate the cell cycle?
Cyclins and CDKs
What is Nondisjunction?
Nondisjunction is when chromosomes fail to separate properly.
This structure contains cell's DNA
What is the Nucleus?
This phase prepares the cell for mitosis by checking for errors and producing the proteins nessecary for mitosis.
What is G2 phase?
During this phase cohesin proteins are cleaved and sister chromatids seperate.
What is Anaphase?
This checkpoint occurs before mitosis
What is G2 checkpoint?
This is a programmed process in which cells with DNA Cells Die.
What is Apoptosis?
This structure is the duplicated arms of a chromosome. Both of these are identical copies of chromosomes and joined together at the centromere.
What are sister chromatids?
What is the entire sequence of phases that the cells goes through in order?
G1 - S - G2 - M
During this phase Nuclear envelopes reform, chromosomes decondense, and spindle disassembles. This stage is the final stage before cytokinesis.
What is Telophase?
This protein is known as the "guardian of the genome"
What is p53
Give an example of how mutations in checkpoint proteins can lead to cancer?
Mutations in p53 can allow cells with DNA to continue.
This protein structure attaches to chromosomes to help seperate them.
What is the Kinetochore?
During this phase the cell is not dividing but still is growing. Cells may temporarily enter the cycle or permanently remain in this cycle.
What is interphase(G0)?
This type of cell forms a clevage furrow during mitosis.
What is mitosis in an animal cell?
How do external signals like growth factors affect the cell cycle?
External signals like growth factors affect the cell cycle by progression through the cycle or pause it if the conditions are unfavorable.
What are the consequences of aneuploidy?
Cells have abnormal chromosome numbers and can lead to disorders like down syndrome.
This is how centrioles contribute to cell division
They organize spindle fibers and help in the separation of chromosomes.