One single strand with all the genetic info that is necessary for the cell.
100
State and describe the stages of interphase.
G1 (Gap 1/Growth 1) -->cell carries out its normal job.
S (Synthesis) --> DNA is synthesized in order to be ready for cell division.
G2 (Gap 2/Growth 2) --> cell organelles replicate in preparation for mitosis. The cells continue with their jobs.
100
What is a regulator?
It is a protein that helps the cell respond to events related to the cell.
200
Why do they increase/grow and divide ?
-DNA can only control a certain amount
-The transport system can't function properly if the cell doesn't increase and divide
-The surface are to volume ratio needs to remain reasonable
200
Define centromere
Where the two sister chromatids are attached.
200
Describe what happens in metaphase
Chromosomes line up the metaphase plate (the equator of the cell) and spindle fibers complete their attachment to the centrioles.
200
What are the two types of regulators?
External and internal regulators
300
Does the volume or surface area increase faster? What happens as a result?
The volume increases faster. This causes the ratio of surface area to volume to decrease.
300
Define double chromosome
Two strands that are held together at the centromere. It has twice the genetic information.
300
Describe what happens in prophase.
- Chromosomes condense and become visible
- Centrioles move to the poles of the cell
- Spindle fibers begin to attach to centrioles
300
What is the role of external regulators?
They tell the cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle by responding to external stimuli.
400
What would happen if the surface area did not increase with the volume?
First, the cell would not be able to function because of tight conditions within the cell. The cell would eventually burst.
400
Define sister chromatids
The two parts of a double chromosome
400
Describe what happens in telophase.
Two daughter cells begin to form by cleavage in animal cells and cell plate formation in plant cells.
400
What is the role of internal regulators?
They respond to internal stimuli telling them to make sure that the cell does not enter mitosis until all chromosomes are replicated exactly.
500
Define cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm.
500
Describe what happens in anaphase.
Sister chromatids split at the centromere and the single-stranded chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.
500
What causes cancer?
When the cells do not respond to external/internal stimuli. This causes the cells to overproduce and there is no control over the cell cycle.