Intro
Interphase is known as a period of _________
growth
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
3; G1, G2, M
What is a tumor
mass of cells that ignored cell signals
undifferentiated
Prokaryotic cells divide through the process of
binary fission
End product of mitosis
4 identical daughter cells
Name of proteins that regulate the cell cycle
cyclins
What are the two types of tumors?
benign and malignant
What are the two types of stem cells?
What are the 3 parts of interphase?
G1, S, G2
Haploid vs diploid
haploid: half the normal chromosomal number
diploid: normal chromosomal number
Most cells are in ____, a resting phase
G0
Process of programmed cell death that cancer cells ignore
apoptosis
Describe a totipotent stem cell
able to become ANY type of cell
When does DNA replicate
S phase of interphase
During cytokinesis, animal cells divide at a ______________ while plant cells divide at a ____________
cleavage furrow, cell plate
Describe what happens at each checkpoint.
G1 - is DNA ready to replicate?
G2 - did DNA replicate properly?
M - check for spindle fiber attachment
How do cancer cells of a malignant tumor get to other parts of the body?
metastasize
What are the two important characteristics of stem cells?
Self renewal
differentiation
nuclear division = _________
cytoplasm division = __________
mitosis; cytokinesis
Describe what happens during each phase of mitosis.
Prophase: chromosomes become plain to see
Metaphase: chromosome line up in the middle
Anaphase: spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart
Telophase: 2 nuclei begin to form
What happens when cells ignore the checkpoints?
cancer - uncontrolled growth
Chemo targets rapidly dividing cells, hair follicles divide rapidly
Pluripotent vs multipotent
pluripotent - can become any cell in an adult
multipotent - can become closely related cell types