Cells
DNA
Cell Division
Gene Expression
Environmental / Lifestyle factors that impact Gene Expression
Literally stuff from the test
100
What are these?
Cells!
100
What is DNA
The genetic material inside living organisms. Sometimes called the building blocks of life.
100
What types of cells did we look at under the microscope during lesson #2? What were we trying to observe and study?
We looked at onion cells! We were studying cell division (Mitosis). We can study onion cells during a skin cell lesson because all cells undergo cell division in a very similar way.
100
True or False: the over expression or under expression of certain genes can lead to different types of cancers in the body
TRUE
100
What were some risk factors that could have led to the man we were studying (Tom the construction worker) getting skin cancer?
Tom could have inhaled chemicals at his construction job, or contacted some solid or liquid chemicals on his skin. He could have spent too much time in the sun as well, he might have worked outside without a hat or a long shirt on. He also simply could have had a genetic mutation inherited from his parents.
100
Should the gene expression of various genes in the hair and eyes be the same or different?
Different! Cells become specialized by expressing genes at different levels.
200
Where do cancer cells come from?
A normal cell that has had a mutation (Mistake during Mitosis) occur which has make it lose its ability to control its own cell division, leading to rapid uncontrolled cell division.
200
Where does our DNA come from?
Our Biological (Birth) parents!
200
True or False: Human cells undergo cell division (Mitosis) to create more cells, this is how we grow.
True!
200
What do genes do inside living things?
Each chromosome contains various genes with specific functions that result in our traits. Traits are specific characteristics of an organism, such as: Eye color, Hair texture& color, Height
200
What is risk and how does it explain someone's likeliness of getting cancer?
Risk explains the probability that someone could get cancer, it does not guarantee that someone will or will not develop a cancer.
200
What are these graphs about?
Comparing the differences in gene expression of specific genes for two identical twins as newborns and adults.
300
What makes cancer cells different than normal cells?
Cancer Cells divide more rapidly (faster) then normal cells.
300
What parts of our DNA are found inside heart cells?
All of our DNA (The genome) is inside every single cell. Cells become specialized (Different) when they express specific genes.
300
Which cells in this picture are undergoing mitosis?
The ones with the chromosomes in them!
300
What is a gene (physically speaking)
Genes are sections of DNA
300
Please provide three examples of environmental factors that could increase someone's risk for cancers.
Construction Dust, Gasses, Sun Exposure, Chemical Exposure, Car Exhaust, Smog... many more!
300
What are two types of risk factors that could increase our likelihood of getting cancer?
Lifestyle and Environmental Risk Factors
These could alter our gene expression and lead to cancer (Uncontrolled cell division)
400
What type of cells does Melanoma occur in?
Skin Cells
400
What is a DNA Mutation?
A mistake that occurs during Mitosis (cell division) while copying the DNA, these mutations can lead to genes being expressed too much or too little.
400
The process of a parent cell dividing into two daughter cells. Each of two daughter cells gets the same genetic material (DNA) as the parent cell.
What is Mitosis.
400
Please explain what gene expression means... Or provide an example analogy of what happens during gene expression.
Gene Expression is the concept that genes can be "Turned on" or "Turned off" Analogies: Light Switch, Cell Phone, Car, etc.
400
Please provide three examples of lifestyle risk factors that could increase someone's chances of getting cancer:
Lack of Exercise, Smoking, drinking alcohol, Fast Food, too much sun exposure.
400
Which is the parent cell(s) and which is the daughter cell(s)
A is the parent cell and B are the daughter cells
500
What types of living organisms have cells?
All living things have cells: Every single living organism on earth has at least one cell.
500
What is a chromosome made of?
DNA that has been condensed into small packages which make it easier to complete cell division.
500
What kinds of cells undergo Mitosis? (Cell Division)
All plant and animal cells goes through mitosis to divide and multiply. (Minus the reproductive cells)
500
How do tissues become SPECIALIZED: as in, how do heart cells become heart cells, and skin cells become skin cells?
GENE EXPRESSION!
Tissue Specialization: Specific tissues have specific genes turned on, which relate to the function of the tissue. Cells turn off other genes because those genes don’t help the function of that tissue.
500
How could identical twins that start out with the same genome end up looking so different from one another?
Their Gene's have to be expressed differently!
